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Their predisposition involves a combination of genetic and environmental risk factors, such as psychosocial stress. Myelin plasticity was recently associated with chronic stress in several mouse models. Furthermore, we found that changes in both myelin thickness and node of Ranvier morphology after chronic social defeat stress are influenced by the genetic background of the mouse strain. To understand cellular and molecular effects of stress\u2010associated myelin plasticity, we established an oligodendrocyte (OL) model consisting of OL primary cell cultures isolated from the C57BL\/6NCrl (B6; innately non\u2010anxious and mostly stress\u2010resilient strain) and DBA\/2NCrl (D2; innately anxious and mostly stress\u2010susceptible strain) mice. Characterization of na\u00efve cells revealed that D2 cultures contained more pre\u2010myelinating and mature OLs compared with B6 cultures. However, B6 cultures contained more proliferating oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) than D2 cultures. Acute exposure to corticosterone, the major stress hormone in mice, reduced OPC proliferation and increased OL maturation and myelin production in D2 cultures compared with vehicle treatment, whereas only OL maturation was reduced in B6 cultures. In contrast, prolonged exposure to the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone reduced OPC proliferation in both D2 and B6 cultures, but only D2 cultures displayed a reduction in OPC differentiation and myelin production. Taken together, our results reveal that genetic factors influence OL sensitivity to glucocorticoids, and this effect is dependent on the cellular maturation stage. Our model provides a novel framework for the identification of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying stress\u2010associated myelin plasticity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.16285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T10:23:30Z","timestamp":1708597410000},"page":"2276-2292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Genetic background modulates the effect of glucocorticoids on proliferation, differentiation and myelin formation of oligodendrocyte lineage cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Adrien","family":"Gigliotta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki  Helsinki 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