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They signal via the neuropeptide pigment\u2010dispersing factor (PDF) to align the molecular clockwork of different central clock neurons and to modulate downstream circuits. The dorsal terminals of the sLNvs undergo daily morphological changes that affect presynaptic sites organised by the active zone protein Bruchpilot (BRP), a homolog of mammalian ELKS proteins. However, the role of these presynaptic sites for PDF release is ill\u2010defined.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Here, we combined expansion microscopy with labelling of active zones by endogenously tagged BRP to examine the spatial correlation between PDF\u2010containing dense\u2010core vesicles and BRP\u2010labelled active zones. We found that the number of BRP\u2010labelled puncta in the sLNv terminals was similar while their density differed between Zeitgeber time (ZT) 2 and 14. The relative distance between BRP\u2010 and PDF\u2010labelled puncta was increased in the morning, around the reported time of PDF release. Spontaneous dense\u2010core vesicle release profiles of sLNvs in a publicly available ssTEM dataset (FAFB) consistently lacked spatial correlation to BRP\u2010organised active zones. RNAi\u2010mediated downregulation of\n                    <jats:italic>brp<\/jats:italic>\n                    and other active zone proteins expressed by the sLNvs did not affect PDF\u2010dependent locomotor rhythmicity. In contrast, down\u2010regulation of genes encoding proteins of the canonical vesicle release machinery, the dense\u2010core vesicle\u2010related protein CADPS, as well as PDF impaired locomotor rhythmicity.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Taken together, our study suggests that PDF release from the sLNvs is independent of BRP\u2010organised active zones, while BRP may be redistributed to active zones in a time\u2010dependent manner.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.16294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T00:19:41Z","timestamp":1709079581000},"page":"2665-2685","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The neuropeptide pigment\u2010dispersing factor signals independently of Bruchpilot\u2010labelled active zones in daily remodelled terminals of\n                    <i>Drosophila<\/i>\n                    clock neurons"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Benedikt","family":"Hofbauer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biocenter, Theodor\u2010Boveri\u2010Institute, Neurobiology and Genetics Julius\u2010Maximilians\u2010Universit\u00e4t W\u00fcrzburg  W\u00fcrzburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6498-2208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meet","family":"Zandawala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biocenter, Theodor\u2010Boveri\u2010Institute, Neurobiology and Genetics Julius\u2010Maximilians\u2010Universit\u00e4t W\u00fcrzburg  W\u00fcrzburg Germany"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Nevada Reno  Reno NV USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7989-7150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nils","family":"Reinhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biocenter, 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