{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T19:48:05Z","timestamp":1785181685480,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Research Council of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["350528"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["350528"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J of Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The rapid increase in strength following strength\u2010training involves neural adaptations, however, their specific localisation remains elusive. Prior focus on corticospinal responses prompts this study to explore the understudied cortical\/subcortical adaptations, particularly cortico\u2010reticulospinal tract responses, comparing healthy strength\u2010trained adults to untrained peers. Fifteen chronically strength\u2010trained individuals (\u22652\u2009years of training, mean age: 24\u2009\u00b1\u20097\u2009years) were compared with 11 age\u2010matched untrained participants (mean age: 26\u2009\u00b1\u20098\u2009years). Assessments included maximal voluntary force (MVF), corticospinal excitability using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), spinal excitability (cervicomedullary stimulation), voluntary activation (VA) and reticulospinal tract (RST) excitability, utilizing StartReact responses and ipsilateral motor\u2010evoked potentials (iMEPs) for the flexor carpi radialis muscle. Trained participants had higher normalized MVF (6.4\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1\u2009N\/kg) than the untrained participants (4.8\u2009\u00b1\u20091.3\u2009N\/kg) (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.003). Intracortical facilitation was higher in the strength\u2010trained group (156\u2009\u00b1\u200949%) (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.02), along with greater VA (98\u2009\u00b1\u20093.2%) (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.002). The strength\u2010trained group displayed reduced short\u2010interval\u2010intracortical inhibition (88\u2009\u00b1\u20098.0%) compared with the untrained group (69\u2009\u00b1\u200917.5%) (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Strength\u2010trained individuals exhibited a greater normalized rate of force development (38.8\u2009\u00b1\u200910.1\u2009N\u00b7s\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/kg) (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.009), greater reticulospinal gain (2.5\u2009\u00b1\u20091.4) (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.02) and higher ipsilateral\u2010to\u2010contralateral MEP ratios compared with the untrained group (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.03). Strength\u2010trained individuals displayed greater excitability within the intrinsic connections of the primary motor cortex and the RST. These results suggest greater synaptic input from the descending cortico\u2010reticulospinal tract to \u03b1\u2010motoneurons in strength\u2010trained individuals, thereby contributing to the observed increase in VA and MVF.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.16297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T02:10:27Z","timestamp":1709172627000},"page":"2336-2352","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Strength\u2010trained adults demonstrate greater corticoreticular activation versus untrained controls"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Yonas","family":"Akalu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Exercise Neuroplasticity Research Unit, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science Monash University  Frankston Victoria 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Medicine, Nursing and Health Science Monash University  Frankston Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glyn","family":"Howatson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Northumbria University  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"},{"name":"Water Research Group North\u2010West University  Potchefstroom South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroMuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4  Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1800-382X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dawson J.","family":"Kidgell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Exercise Neuroplasticity Research Unit, Department of 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