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Both uses may be related to its ability to enhance empathy, sociability, emotional processing and its anxiolytic effects. However, the neural mechanisms underlying these effects, and their specificity to MDMA compared to other stimulants, are not yet fully understood. Here, using electroencephalography (EEG), we investigated the effects of MDMA and a prototypic stimulant, methamphetamine (MA), on early visual processing of socio\u2010emotional stimuli in an oddball emotional faces paradigm. Specifically, we examined whether MDMA or MA enhance the processing of facial expressions, compared to placebo, during the early stages of visual perception. MDMA enhanced an event\u2010related component that is sensitive to detecting faces (N170), specifically for happy and angry expressions compared to neutral faces. MA did not affect this measure, and neither drug altered other components of the response to emotional faces. These findings provide novel insights into the neural mechanisms underlying the effects of MDMA on socio\u2010emotional processing and may have implications for the therapeutic use of MDMA in the treatment of social anxiety and other psychiatric disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.16346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]],"date-time":"2024-04-19T01:19:45Z","timestamp":1713489585000},"page":"3224-3235","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The 3,4\u2010methylenedioxymethamphetamine enhances early visual processing for salient socio\u2010emotional stimuli"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6678-0570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Connor J.","family":"Haggarty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience University of Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Pharmacy Practice Wayne State University  Wayne Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anya K.","family":"Bershad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior University of California Los Angeles  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahesh K.","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience University of Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Royce","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience University of Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harriet","family":"de Wit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience University of Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(23)00120-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-009-1635-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.1996.8.6.551"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-019-0569-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116663120"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-9081-3-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881120926673"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-200008000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881119826594"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0013-4694(96)96565-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-006-0454-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-018-5010-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2017.171"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17470910802649470"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frank G. 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