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This study aimed to experimentally clarify the stages of consciousness necessary for optimal working memory function. In this experiment, the sedation levels were changed step\u2010by\u2010step using anaesthesia, and the performance accuracy during the execution of working memory was assessed using a dual\u2010task paradigm. Participants were required to categorize and remember words in a specific target category. Categorization performance was measured across four different sedative phases: before anaesthesia (baseline), and deep, moderate and light stages of sedation. Short\u2010delay recognition tasks were performed under these four sedative stages, followed by long\u2010delay recognition tasks after participants recovered from sedation. The results of the short\u2010delay recognition task showed that the performance was lowest at the deep stage. The performance of the moderate stage was lower than the baseline. In the long\u2010delay recognition task, the performance under moderate sedation was lower than that under baseline and light sedation. In addition, the performance under light sedation was lower than that under baseline. These results suggest that task performance becomes difficult under half sedation and that transferring information to long\u2010term memory is difficult even under one\u2010quarter sedation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.16383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T04:39:45Z","timestamp":1715834385000},"page":"3151-3161","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The arousal level of consciousness required for working memory performance: An anaesthesia study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1978-666X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariko","family":"Osaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Human Sciences Osaka University  Suita, Osaka 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