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In this study, we investigated whether visual speech cues, such as the movements of the lips, jaw, and larynx, facilitate infants' neural speech tracking. Ten\u2010month\u2010old Dutch\u2010learning infants watched videos of a speaker reciting passages in infant\u2010directed speech while electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. In the videos, either the full face of the speaker was displayed or the speaker's mouth and jaw were masked with a block, obstructing the visual speech cues. To assess neural tracking, speech\u2010brain coherence (SBC) was calculated, focusing particularly on the stress and syllabic rates (1\u20131.75 and 2.5\u20133.5\u00a0Hz respectively in our stimuli). First, overall, SBC was compared to surrogate data, and then, differences in SBC in the two conditions were tested at the frequencies of interest. Our results indicated that infants show significant tracking at both stress and syllabic rates. However, no differences were identified between the two conditions, meaning that infants' neural tracking was not modulated further by the presence of visual speech cues. Furthermore, we demonstrated that infants' neural tracking of low\u2010frequency information is related to their subsequent vocabulary development at 18\u2009months. Overall, this study provides evidence that infants' neural tracking of speech is not necessarily impaired when visual speech cues are not fully visible and that neural tracking may be a potential mechanism in successful language acquisition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.16492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T03:31:00Z","timestamp":1724729460000},"page":"5381-5399","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The effect of visual speech cues on neural tracking of speech in 10\u2010month\u2010old infants"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8931-5732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melis","family":"\u00c7etin\u00e7elik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics  Nijmegen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Experimental Psychology Utrecht University  Utrecht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology Department Tilburg University  Tilburg The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"Jordan\u2010Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Department of Psychological Science, Birkbeck University of London  London UK"},{"name":"Experimental Psychology University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline F.","family":"Rowland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics  Nijmegen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Radboud University  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tineke M.","family":"Snijders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics  Nijmegen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology Department Tilburg University  Tilburg The Netherlands"},{"name":"Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Radboud University  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118698"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Attaheri A. 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