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To model early life adversity in mice, we subjected male and female C57BL\/6\u00a0J mice to a limited bedding and nesting (LBN) protocol between postnatal days 2\u20139 and investigated its effect on responsiveness to panicogenic challenges in adulthood. Panic\u2010like escape behaviour was assessed during exposure to a high concentration of CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    (20%) or in the beetle mania task (BMT), used to model respiratory and non\u2010respiratory\u2010related types of panic respectively. Neonatal exposure to LBN increased panic\u2010like jumping during the CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    challenge in male but not female mice. In an initial pharmacological validation of the BMT as a panic\u2010inducing paradigm, undirected jumping and horizontal escape behaviours were reduced significantly by the panicolytic alprazolam (0.05 and 0.1mg.kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    i.p.) whilst tolerance to the close proximity of the aversive robo\u2010beetle increased. The anxiolytic diazepam (1\u00a0mg.kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0i.p.) reduced only the number of horizontal escape attempts. In both sexes, previous experience of LBN significantly enhanced the number of horizontal escape episodes, indicating a pro\u2010panic phenotype. Directed escape to access a safe ledge on the wall of the test arena, which was seen only in males, was also reduced significantly following LBN. These findings indicate that early life adversity produced by fragmented and unpredictable maternal care promotes a sex\u2010specific increase in susceptibility to panic\u2010like behaviour in adulthood. Whilst non\u2010respiratory\u2010related panic\u2010like behaviour was enhanced in both sexes, females were resilient to respiratory\u2010related challenges.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.16532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T01:50:00Z","timestamp":1725846600000},"page":"5900-5911","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Neonatal limited bedding and nesting experience may lead to a sex\u2010dependent increase in panic\u2010like defensive behaviours in adult mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1161-8522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heloisa Helena","family":"Vilela\u2010Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Physiology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences Federal University of Tri\u00e2ngulo Mineiro  Uberaba Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paloma Molina","family":"Hernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jefferson Manoel","family":"Nascimento\u2010Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alana Tercino","family":"Frias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University  Jaboticabal S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael Carvalho","family":"Almada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages of the S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP)  Assis S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thelma Anderson","family":"Lovick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience University of Bristol  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Helio","family":"Zangrossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.053508.121"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2018.00036"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-00936-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.08.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","article-title":"Clinical research. 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