{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T15:10:25Z","timestamp":1788448225496,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]],"date-time":"2024-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J of Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cerebrospinal fluid\u2010contacting neurons (CSF\u2010cNS) are considered mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors involved in detecting changes in CSF circulation. However, considering that recent data suggest that this type of cell could exert an active response when an external stimulus is sensed, identification of CSF\u2010cNS may be relevant. In this regard, some data suggest that a neuronal connection exists between the ventral region of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and rostral agranular insular cortex (RAIC); indeed, a potential CSF\u2010cNS is hypothesized. However, a detailed analysis of this connection has not been conducted. Thus, using neuronal tracers (Fluoro\u2010Gold\u00ae (FG) and cholera toxin (ChT)) coupled with transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence assays against Fluoro\u2010Gold\u00ae, oxytocin (OXT), vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin receptors (OTR), we describe an oxytocinergic or vasopressinergic CSF\u2010cNS between the PVN and RAIC. Our results showed that CSF\u2010cNS along the PVN labelled with oxytocin and\/or AVP were present in dendritic projections near the third ventricle. This CSF\u2010cNS in the PVN seems to project to the RAIC. Inside the RAIC, ultrastructural analysis showed that axons immunopositive for oxytocin from the PVN sustained synaptic connections with neurons that expressed OTR. These findings show that the CSF\u2010cNS from the PVN sends projections to the RAIC. To the best of our knowledge, the relevance of CSF\u2010cNS has not been elucidated; however, we hypothesized that the activation of cells could concomitantly release neuropeptides (i.e., oxytocin and AVP) in the CSF and RAIC. Thus, further analysis of the impact of neuropeptides released into the third ventricle and RAIC is warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.16556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]],"date-time":"2024-09-29T20:14:16Z","timestamp":1727640856000},"page":"6222-6236","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Hypothalamic cerebrospinal fluid\u2010contacting neurons project to the rostral agranular insular cortex: An immunofluorescence and ultrastructural analysis in the rat"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Guadalupe","family":"Mart\u00ednez\u2010Lorenzana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Neurobiolog\u00eda del Desarrollo y Neurofisiolog\u00eda Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Campus UNAM Juriquilla  Quer\u00e9taro QRO Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Gamal\u2010Eltrabily","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad An\u00e1huac, Quer\u00e9taro. Calle Circuito Universidades I  Quer\u00e9taro C.P. Mexico"},{"name":"Department of Neural and Pain Sciences University of Maryland Baltimore  Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lourdes","family":"Palma\u2010Tirado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Microscop\u00eda, Microscop\u00eda Electr\u00f3nica de Transmisi\u00f3n Instituto de Neurobiolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Campus UNAM Juriquilla  Quer\u00e9taro QRO Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abimael","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez\u2010Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Neurobiolog\u00eda del Desarrollo y Neurofisiolog\u00eda Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Campus UNAM Juriquilla  Quer\u00e9taro QRO Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1651-8931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Cond\u00e9s\u2010Lara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Neurobiolog\u00eda del Desarrollo y Neurofisiolog\u00eda Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Campus UNAM Juriquilla  Quer\u00e9taro QRO Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10866"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.10.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.01.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12551"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2009.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.01.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113818"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-016-1880-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0962-20.2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2017-0068"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2018.08.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2019.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3359-17.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-016-4862-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902580405"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2008.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M209532200"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"Vasopressinergic neurons and the associated blood vessels in the rat anterior hypothalamus, an immunohistochemical study","volume":"5","author":"Ray P. 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