{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:43:57Z","timestamp":1772160237197,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004319","name":"Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["111GB006\u20100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["111GB006\u20100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004319","name":"Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["111\u2010SKH\u2010NYCU\u201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["111\u2010SKH\u2010NYCU\u201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J of Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is considered as an intermediate stage of Alzheimer's disease, but no MRI biomarkers currently distinguish aMCI from healthy individuals effectively. Fractal dimension, a quantitative parameter, provides superior morphological information compared to conventional cortical thickness methods. Few studies have used cortical fractal dimension values to differentiate aMCI from healthy controls. In this study, we aim to build an automated discriminator for accurately distinguishing aMCI using fractal dimension measures of the cerebral cortex. Thirty aMCI patients and 30 health controls underwent structural MRI of the brain. First, the atrophy of participants' cortical sub\u2010regions of Desikan\u2013Killiany cortical atlas was assessed using fractal dimension and cortical thickness. The fractal dimension is more sensitive than cortical thickness in reducing dimensional effects and may accurately reflect morphological changes of the cortex in aMCI. The aMCI group had significantly lower fractal dimension values in the bilateral temporal lobes, right limbic lobe and right parietal lobe, whereas they showed significantly lower cortical thickness values only in the bilateral temporal lobes. Fractal dimension analysis was able to depict most of the significantly different focal regions detected by cortical thickness, but additionally with more regions. Second, applying the measured fractal dimensions (and cortical thickness) of both cerebral hemispheres, an unsupervised discriminator was built for the aMCI and healthy controls. The proposed fractal dimension\u2010based method achieves 80.54% accuracy in discriminating aMCI from healthy controls. The fractal dimension appears to be a promising biomarker for cortical morphology changes that can discriminate patients with aMCI from healthy controls.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.16557","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T22:14:31Z","timestamp":1727820871000},"page":"6254-6266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Exploring cortical morphology biomarkers of amnesic mild cognitive impairment using novel fractal dimension\u2010based structural MRI analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5138-0715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi\u2010Wen","family":"Jao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biophotonics National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Research Shin Kong Wu Ho\u2010Su Memorial Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010Te","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biophotonics National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Brain Research Center National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiann\u2010Horng","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Shin Kong Wu Ho\u2010Su Memorial Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine Fu Jen Catholic University  New Taipei City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuh\u2010Feng","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine Fu Jen Catholic University  New Taipei City Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology Shin Kong Wu Ho\u2010Su Memorial Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen\u2010Yu","family":"Hsiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology Shin Kong Wu Ho\u2010Su Memorial Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi Ieong","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biophotonics National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine Fu Jen Catholic University  New Taipei City Taiwan"},{"name":"Dementia Center, Department of Neurology Shin Kong Wu Ho\u2010Su Memorial Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Group, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience University College London  London UK"},{"name":"University Hospital  Taipa Macau"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9868.2010.00746.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-9016-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7364649"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.719849"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2013.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9030833"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2011-0014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3223"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2011-102043"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11010107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2018.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/am.2014.512166"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC46164.2021.9629697"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RBME.2018.2796598"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29295-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-60134-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19084839"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","first-page":"281","volume-title":"In proceedings of the 5th Berkeley symposium on mathematical statistics and probability, Berkeley, CA, USA, 7 January 1966","author":"MacQueen J. 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