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In this systematic literature review, we aimed to identify the prevalent cortical areas activated during balance tasks with specific motor or cognitive demands. Our search strategy encompassed terms related to balance control and cortical activity, yielding 2250 results across five databases. After screening, 67 relevant articles were included in the review. Results indicated that manipulations of visual and\/or somatosensory information led to prevalent activity in the parietal, frontal and temporal regions; manipulations of the support base led to prevalent activity of the parietal and frontal regions; both balance\u2010cognitive dual\u2010tasking and reactive responses to extrinsic perturbations led to prevalent activity in the frontal and central regions. These findings deepen our comprehension of the cortical regions activated to manage the complex demands of maintaining body balance in the performance of tasks posing specific requirements. 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