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Unlike the\n                    <jats:bold>normal<\/jats:bold>\n                    miniature endplate potentials\n                    <jats:bold>(nMEPPs<\/jats:bold>\n                    ), these gMEPPs have long duration and long time to peak. More strikingly, gMEPPs seem to be independent of extracellular and intracellular Ca\n                    <jats:sup>+2.<\/jats:sup>\n                    and have a greater temperature sensitivity than nMEPPs. They are potentiated by tetrodotoxin but inhibited by acetylcholine (ACh) receptor blockers indicating ACh is the neurotransmitter responsible for gMEPPs. The frequency of gMEPPs is greatly increased in muscles weakened by various drugs, toxins or disease conditions suggesting that gMEPPs may be a part of possible neurotrophic mechanism to preserve effective neuromuscular transmission when the normal function is compromised.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.16624","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T01:06:05Z","timestamp":1732669565000},"page":"7183-7194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Giant miniature endplate potentials at vertebrate neuromuscular junctions: A review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3595-5344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karim A.","family":"Alkadhi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy University of Houston  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(87)90440-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(88)91132-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1989.sp017627"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"Inhibition of [3H]acetylcholine active transport by tetraphenylborate and other anions","volume":"24","author":"Anderson D. 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