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The precise positioning of the electrode can significantly influence the results of DBS and the overall improvement in the quality of life for PD patients receiving this therapy. We hypothesize that single unit activity (SUA) features can serve as a valid marker of the optimal DBS\u2010electrode insertion trajectory, leading to the most favorable outcome of STN\u2010DBS surgery. We analyzed spontaneous SUA data recorded during microelectrode recording (MER) for 21 patients with PD who underwent DBS surgery. We compared 29 linear and six nonlinear characteristics of the STN neural activity recorded along different microelectrode insertion paths to determine features corresponding to favorable stimulation outcomes. Our research indicated that the SUA features of pause neurons in a dorsal STN region significantly affected stimulation outcomes. For the trajectories chosen for lead insertion, firing rate, burst rate and oscillatory activity at 8\u201312 and 12\u201320 bands were significantly decreased. Moreover, nonlinear feature analysis showed a significant increase in mutual information for the chosen trajectories. Our findings highlight the significance of specific indicators, such as the activity of pause neurons in the dorsal region and numerous linear SUA characteristics, in determining the optimal lead installation trajectory. Furthermore, our findings emphasize the importance of investigating paths rejected during test stimulation to understand motor impairment in Parkinson's disease and its treatment mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.16630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T23:15:48Z","timestamp":1733094948000},"page":"6987-7005","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Neuronal activity features of the subthalamic nucleus associated with optimal deep brain stimulation electrode insertion path in Parkinson's disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0096-1824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikita","family":"Zakharov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences  Moscow Russia"},{"name":"Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8179-5807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Belova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Gamaleya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N. 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