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Since pesticide are well\u2010established triggers of Parkinsonism, we now undertook a detailed characterization of the time\u2010dependent onset of behavioural and neurochemical alterations after the repeated daily intraperitoneal administration to adult male rats of a low dose of rotenone (2.75\u2009mg\/kg) during weekdays for 21\u2009days. The onset of motor (bradykinesia in the open field test) and coordination deficits (balance in the rotarod and rearing in the open field) occurred after 14\u2009days of exposure to rotenone, linked to a nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration and increased accumulation of \u03b1\u2010synuclein, which are key features of PD. Moreover, we identified several modifications pre\u2010dating the onset of PD\u2010like motor symptoms, encompassing gastrointestinal alterations and a modified whole\u2010body composition together with olfactory dysfunction and memory and emotional impairments, which were typified by: i) a delayed gastric emptying of liquids (\n                    <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                    CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    analysis), which was evident from the third day of rotenone administration and was aggravated over subsequent days; ii) a loss of total, visceral and subcutaneous body fat and dehydration (bioimpedance spectroscopy); iii) olfactory dysfunction (discrimination test and food buried test). The characterization of this prodrome period in this robust model of PD offers a new window of opportunity to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms of PD onset and to devise and test novel neuroprotective strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.16669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T04:47:04Z","timestamp":1739249224000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Rotenone\u2010Induced Sporadic Parkinsonism Model: Timeline of Motor and Non\u2010Motor Features"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Tyciane","family":"de Souza\u00a0Nascimento","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Post\u2010Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine Federal University of Cear\u00e1  Fortaleza Brazil"},{"name":"Drug Research and Development Center Federal University of Cear\u00e1  Fortaleza 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