{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T10:50:06Z","timestamp":1788000606075,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J of Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The aim of our study was to limit the inflammatory response after spinal cord injury (SCI) using the probiotic strain\n                    <jats:italic>Lacticaseibacillus paracasei \u017d2<\/jats:italic>\n                    (5\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\n                    , CFU\/mL). The relationship between pro\u2010 and anti\u2010inflammatory markers was studied in a rat model after Th9 compression (40\u2009g\/15\u2009min) and daily application (7 or 14\u2009days) of probiotics. The probiotic treatment strongly reduced pro\u2010inflammatory markers specific for microglia\/macrophages (CD11b), microglia (CD68, IL\u20106, and iNOS), astrocytes (C1q), and TLR\/NF\u2010\u03baB signaling pathway at lesion site and to a lesser extent cranially and caudally (0.3\u2009cm) 7\u2009days postinjury. In the spinal cord segments, 2\u2010week probiotic therapy affected the expression of these targets depending on the intensity of their damage (cranially\u2009&gt;\u2009caudally\u2009&gt;\u2009lesion site). It was also noted that the impact of 14\u2010day probiotic therapy in the jejunum was more pronounced than after a shorter treatment. Additionally, probiotic therapy significantly boosted the neuroprotective and anti\u2010inflammatory milieu in the spinal cord tissues. Seven days post\u2010SCI probiotic therapy had the potential to modulate the unfavorable environment around the injury site by increasing the anti\u2010inflammatory microglial (IL\u20104R\u03b1, TGF\u2010\u03b2, and SOCS3) and astroglial (Ptx3) transcripts and by overexpression of immunoregulatory (TLR9 and IFN\u2010\u03b3) markers leading to functional remodeling and mitigation of hematuria. Longer post\u2010SCI probiotic treatment upregulates the neuroprotective molecules at the injury site and simultaneously regulates the anti\u2010inflammatory response in the jejunum. Herein we show that probiotic strain\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L. paracasei<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u017d2\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    has the potential to manage inflammation induced by SCI in both the gut and affected spinal cord within both subacute phases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.70087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T07:23:58Z","timestamp":1743751438000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Early Pro\u2010 and Anti\u2010Inflammatory Immune Response Induced by Probiotic Treatment After Th9 Compression: The Interplay Between Spinal Cord and Jejunum"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"M\u00e1ria","family":"Ileninov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurobiology of Biomedical Research Center Slovak Academy of Sciences  Ko\u0161ice Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katar\u00edna\u00a0Kiss","family":"Bimbov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurobiology of Biomedical Research Center Slovak Academy of Sciences  Ko\u0161ice Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Kisuck\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurobiology of Biomedical Research Center Slovak Academy of Sciences  Ko\u0161ice Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1ria","family":"Ba\u010dov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurobiology of Biomedical Research Center Slovak Academy of Sciences  Ko\u0161ice 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