{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T01:07:03Z","timestamp":1774314423525,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J of Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study investigated the relationship between lower limb muscle strength and temporal preparation in older adults using an electroencephalogram to assess neural oscillations during cognitive processes. Forty older adults were divided into higher (HSG, 70.40\u2009\u00b1\u20095.15\u2009years) and lower muscle strength (LSG, 71.43\u2009\u00b1\u20094.86\u2009years) groups based on quadriceps strength estimated via a manual muscle test. Functional mobility was assessed using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, while temporal preparation was evaluated using a choice response time (RT) task with randomly varying foreperiods (FPs) that required lower limb motor responses. The HSG outperformed the LSG on both the TUG test (HSG: 6.07\u2009\u00b1\u20091.14 vs. LSG: 6.79\u2009\u00b1\u20090.88,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.031) and the cognitive task (HSG: 462.97\u2009\u00b1\u200951.06\u2009ms vs. LSG: 525.86\u2009\u00b1\u200973.69\u2009ms,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.002), despite no clear FP effect in either group. Additionally, the HSG demonstrated a more pronounced modulation of oscillatory beta power during the late phase of longer FP trials (\n                    <jats:italic>qs<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05, FDR corrected), whereas no significant modulation was observed during shorter FP trials. Crucially, mediation analysis indicated that beta power significantly mediated the relationship between lower limb strength and RT in longer FP trials [\n                    <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u221224.21; 95% CI\u2009=\u2009(\u221253.51, \u22120.24)]. In summary, these findings suggest that lower limb strength may influence the development of temporal preparation during longer preparatory periods by modulating beta power, potentially serving as a compensatory mechanism to mitigate age\u2010related declines in cognitive processing speed and preserve functional mobility.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.70101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]],"date-time":"2025-04-03T23:54:27Z","timestamp":1743724467000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Quadriceps Strength and Temporal Preparation in Elderly Adults: The Mediating Role of Beta Oscillation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Ming\u2010Cho","family":"Ho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physical Education, Health &amp; Leisure Studies National Cheng Kung University  Tainan City Taiwan (ROC)"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy Tzu Hui Institute of Technology  Pingtung County Taiwan (ROC)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao\u2010Lun","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Oxford  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Department of Psychology National Cheng Kung University  Tainan City Taiwan (ROC)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shih\u2010Chun","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Kinesiology Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Moreau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Centre for Brain Research University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei\u2010Kuang","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience National Central University  Taoyuan City Taiwan (ROC)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsin\u2010Yu","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University  Tainan City Taiwan (ROC)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0180-7207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun\u2010Hao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physical Education, Health &amp; Leisure Studies National Cheng Kung University  Tainan City Taiwan (ROC)"},{"name":"Department of Psychology National Cheng Kung University  Tainan City Taiwan (ROC)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12998-018-0195-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-14-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13320"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","volume-title":"Beck Depression Inventory Manual","author":"Beck A. 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