{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:44:00Z","timestamp":1772160240426,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P60AA007611"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P60AA007611"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J of Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Preclinical studies posit that habitual behaviour is an important mechanism in the development of alcohol use disorder (AUD), but human findings are unclear. The goals of this study were to test a behavioural measure of habit formation, the Slips of Action Task (SOAT), in humans and identify brain\u2010based mechanisms explaining the relationship between habit and alcohol use. Thirty\u2010six participants (63.9% female, mean age\u2009=\u200930.58, SD\u2009=\u20099.73, 69.4% White, 83.3% Not Hispanic\/Latino) who endorsed heavy drinking completed self\u2010report measures, the SOAT (lower scores\u2009=\u2009higher habit formation), a 2.5\u2010h intravenous alcohol self\u2010administration session, and a resting\u2010state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. Three seed regions\u2014bilateral ventral caudate, nucleus accumbens and dorsal caudate\u2014were assessed for significant whole brain functional connectivity (FC) associations with SOAT (cluster\u2010level\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>FWE<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05 at a cluster\u2010forming threshold\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.001). Two clusters survived Bonferroni correction (cluster\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>FWE<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.008): FC between the left ventral caudate and the left middle frontal gyrus correlated negatively, while FC between the left NAc and the right central operculum correlated positively, with SOAT score. SOAT score was unrelated to drinking outcomes; however, there was a significant indirect relationship between SOAT and average drinks per drinking day through FC between the left ventral caudate and the left middle frontal gyrus. A similar trend seen with cumulative work for alcohol fell short of significance. Habit formation's relationship with alcohol use may function through neuroadaptations in the ventral caudate. More work is needed to better characterize objective habit formation in the human alcohol laboratory with additional laboratory\u2010, alcohol\u2010specific, imaging\u2010 and ambulatory\u2010based alcohol use metrics.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.70150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T03:45:15Z","timestamp":1748231115000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Left Ventral Caudate Functional Connectivity Mediates the Relationship Between Habitual Responding and Alcohol Use"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Lindsey\u00a0R.","family":"Fisher\u2010Fox","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Indiana University Indianapolis  Indianapolis USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Dzemidzic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Indiana University School of Medicine  Indianapolis USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"McKenzie\u00a0R.","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Indiana University School of Medicine  Indianapolis USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Haines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Indiana University School of Medicine  Indianapolis USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Hays","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Indiana University School of Medicine  Indianapolis USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mayande\u00a0K.","family":"Mlungwana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Indiana University School of Medicine  Indianapolis USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zachary","family":"Whitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Indiana University Indianapolis  Indianapolis USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Avena\u2010Koenigsberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Indiana University School of Medicine  Indianapolis USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann\u00a0E.\u00a0K.","family":"Kosobud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Indiana University School of Medicine  Indianapolis USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David\u00a0A.","family":"Kareken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Indiana University School of Medicine  Indianapolis USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Indiana University School of Medicine  Indianapolis USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"O'Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Indiana University School of Medicine  Indianapolis USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin\u00a0H.","family":"Plawecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Indiana University School of Medicine  Indianapolis USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1990-8337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa\u00a0A.","family":"Cyders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Indiana University Indianapolis  Indianapolis USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2004.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2013.12.003"},{"issue":"365","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Advanced Normalization Tools (ANTS)","volume":"2","author":"Avants B. 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