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One key reason for contradictory findings is the frequent occurrence of comorbid psychiatric disorders in OCD. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), especially in childhood, is one of the most common comorbidities in OCD. The aim of the current study was to identify potential differences in cognitive functions caused by childhood ADHD in adult OCD patients while minimizing the effects of symptoms that frequently accompany OCD, such as anxiety, depression, and age. The study included 35 OCD patients with childhood ADHD (OCD\u2009+\u2009cADHD), 44 OCD patients without childhood ADHD (OCD\u2013cADHD), and 40 healthy controls (HC). Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Scales were applied to all participants. Next, the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) [Paired\u2010Associate\u2010Learning (PAL), Cambridge Gambling Task (CGT), Stop Signal Test (SST), and Intra\u2010\/Extra\u2013Dimensional Set\u2010Shifting Test (IED)] was administered. The OCD patients without childhood ADHD (OCD\u2009\u2212\u2009cADHD) exhibited higher mean scores in CGT\u2010Risk\u2010Taking and Bet Ratio compared to the HC. However, OCD patients with childhood ADHD (OCD\u2009+\u2009cADHD) also showed higher mean scores in CGT\u2010Bet Ratio compared to the HC. The mean number of IED\u2010Total Errors and IED\u2010Total Trials was higher in the OCD\u2009+\u2009cADHD group compared to the HC. The OCD\u2009+\u2009cADHD group had a higher mean number of SST\u2010Direction Errors and Missed Trials than other groups. The results of the current study suggest that even when potential confounding factors such as depression and anxiety are neutralized, the presence of childhood ADHD in adult patients with OCD led to differences in cognitive domains related to decision\u2010making, flexible thinking, and impulsivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.70245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T08:29:17Z","timestamp":1758616157000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Impact of Childhood Attention Hyperactivity Disorder on Cognitive Function in Adult Obsessive\u2010Compulsive Disorder Patients: A Comprehensive Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Dursun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Cumra State Hospital  Konya Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aysegul","family":"Kirkas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Mehmet Akif Inan Training and Research Hospital  Sanliurfa Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hasan","family":"Bakay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Necmettin Erbakan University  Konya Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehmet\u00a0Sinan","family":"Iyisoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, Faculty of Medicine Necmettin Erbakan University  Konya Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7387-8840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sakir","family":"Gica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine Necmettin Erbakan University  Konya Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-6653.2011.02021.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HRP.0000000000000050"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2018.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.04.025"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","first-page":"187","article-title":"Misuse of Cognitive Neuropsychology in Psychiatry Research: The Intoxicating Appeal of Neo\u2010Reductionism","volume":"38","author":"Abramovitch A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behavior Therapist"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2005.12.006"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","first-page":"251","article-title":"Validity\u2010Reliability and Clinical Use of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS)","volume":"4","author":"Akdemir A.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psikiyatri Psikoloji Psikofarmakoloji Dergisi"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000571"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(02)00104-X"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","first-page":"1031","article-title":"Executive Functions in Obsessive\u2010Compulsive Disorder: State or Trait Deficits?","volume":"40","author":"Bannon S.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","first-page":"241","article-title":"Depression Accounts for Executive Function Deficits in Obsessive\u2010Compulsive Disorder","volume":"14","author":"Basso M. 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