{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T12:45:05Z","timestamp":1782391505972,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["316955\/Z\/24\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["316955\/Z\/24\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"H2020 European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["946055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["946055"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J of Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Uncertainty is a key contributor to decision making, and humans show inconsistent attitudes towards it. Although excessive uncertainty\u2010avoidance or uncertainty\u2010seeking are hallmark symptoms of several mental conditions, the neural mechanism underlying uncertainty seeking and avoidance remains unclear. Here, we probed whether changes in pupil\u2010linked arousal are indicative of uncertainty avoidance in humans. Investigating baseline pupil size to capture endogenous fluctuations across two experiments (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u200924,\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u200921), we found that pretrial pupillary responses (as early as 700\u2009ms prior to the onset of a trial) were closely related to uncertainty attitudes during multiarmed bandit tasks. Although increased baseline pupil size signalled avoidance in uncertainty\u2010related decisions, it did not foreshadow value processing per se. The specificity of our results suggests that uncertainty processing is dynamic and depends on (potentially noradrenergic) endogenous pupil fluctuations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.70394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T10:12:24Z","timestamp":1769595144000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Increased Baseline Pupil Size Linked to Uncertainty Avoidance in Decision Making"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Ehsan","family":"Kakaei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine University T\u00fcbingen  T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Schlecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine University T\u00fcbingen  T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7997-8137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias\u00a0U.","family":"Hauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine University T\u00fcbingen  T\u00fcbingen Germany"},{"name":"Functional Imaging Laboratory (FIL), Department of Imaging Neuroscience University College London  London UK"},{"name":"Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research University College London  London UK"},{"name":"Partner Site T\u00fcbingen German Center for Mental Health (DZPG)  T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.18103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135709"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2025.106197"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"397","article-title":"Using Confidence Bounds for Exploitation\u2010Exploration Trade\u2010Offs","volume":"3","author":"Auer P.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2023.09.074"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/147608303765951195"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0611404104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.09.090"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1900872116"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386\u2010022\u201001517\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09548980601004024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.23232"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn2077"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415\u2010022\u201001009\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.59907"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010022\u201031918\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_02025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1616"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2017.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3524"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdm.598"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0401-19.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0192\u201018.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2010.21548"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2020.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.11.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010021\u201027046\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.84822"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.70510"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/014466506X129862"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13546805.2010.548678"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22466"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/156869"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13289"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/S0007125000296438"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1420687112"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.41703"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tops.12145"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/25.3\u20104.285"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7455683"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2017.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176034"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0038199"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2005.04.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep41484"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ejn.70394","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ejn.70394","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ejn.70394","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T08:54:18Z","timestamp":1782291258000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ejn.70394"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ejn.70394"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ejn.70394","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EJN.70394\/v1\/review3","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EJN.70394\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EJN.70394\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EJN.70394\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EJN.70394\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EJN.70394\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EJN.70394\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EJN.70394\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0953-816X","1460-9568"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0953-816X","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-9568","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70394"}}