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Although previous studies have suggested that the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) is a core region for LTM retrieval, causal evidence is sparse and mixed. Furthermore, the moderating effects of stimulus memorability have not yet been explored. In the present study, we used transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) to modulate theta oscillation in the dmPFC during the retrieval of visual images with varying levels of memorability. Specifically, we included\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200933 healthy volunteers who were exposed to 300 images of faces, scenes and items, which they had to memorize. Recognition accuracy was assessed 1\u2009h later. During the retrieval phase, participants received either sham or verum (4\u2009Hz, 2.5\u2009mA) tACS and were asked whether they had seen the pictures before (150 new and 150 old). Contrary to our preregistered hypotheses, we found no significant effect of 4\u2010Hz tACS applied during retrieval on LTM recognition. Furthermore, although the memorability effect was observed, it did not interact with tACS, indicating that stimulation neither improved nor worsened performance on low\u2010 and high\u2010memorable images. Altogether, the present study does not support an active role of 4\u2010Hz oscillations in the dmPFC for the recognition of images with varying levels of memorability, under the specific task and stimulation parameters used here. However, this null effect may be specific to the task and particular parameters used in this study.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.70431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T07:47:12Z","timestamp":1770796032000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Theta Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation Over the Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex Does Not Enhance Long\u2010Term Memory"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Dima","family":"Chitic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"},{"name":"Research School for Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences University of Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krasimir\u00a0S.","family":"Zdravkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vasiliki","family":"Dounavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark\u00a0R.","family":"Nieuwenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"},{"name":"Research School for Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences University of Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0056-6464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miles","family":"Wischnewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"},{"name":"Research School for Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences University of Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2025.1548478","article-title":"Neuroplastic Effects of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS): From Mechanisms to Clinical Trials","volume":"19","author":"Agboada D.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111436","article-title":"Low Intensity Transcranial Electric Stimulation: Safety, Ethical, Legal Regulatory and Application Guidelines (2017\u20132025: An Update)\u2014Endorsed by the European Society for Brain Stimulation and by the International Federation for Clinical Neurophysiology","author":"Antal A.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2015.12.048","article-title":"Hippocampal\u2010Prefrontal Theta Oscillations Support Memory Integration","volume":"26","author":"Backus A. 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