{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T12:30:46Z","timestamp":1777984246494,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]],"date-time":"2026-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J of Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with alterations in both voluntary and reflexive eye movements; however, the characteristics of oculomotor variability across task contexts remain incompletely understood. This study investigated prosaccade, antisaccade and fixation parameters in 15 individuals with early\u2010 to midstage PD, assessed in the on\u2010medication state and 15 age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched neurologically healthy controls. Eye movements were recorded during structured saccadic tasks and during free\u2010viewing of dynamic video stimuli using high\u2010resolution binocular eye tracking. Compared with controls, participants with PD exhibited significantly higher prosaccade error rates and an increased peak velocity\u2010to\u2010amplitude ratio. Trial\u2010to\u2010trial variability, quantified using coefficients of variation, was consistently elevated in the PD group across multiple saccade parameters. During the video\u2010viewing condition, changes in saccade metrics following video exposure were observed in the control group but not in the PD group, whereas fixation\u2010based measures did not reliably differentiate groups. Together, these findings indicate that increased variability and reduced consistency of saccadic execution are prominent features of oculomotor control in PD without freezing of gait, particularly during reflexive saccade tasks. The results underscore the value of variability\u2010based analyses for probing sensorimotor control in PD and motivate future work to examine their task dependence, longitudinal stability and relevance across disease stages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.70443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T02:23:31Z","timestamp":1774232611000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Instability of Oculomotor Control in Parkinson's Disease Without Freezing of Gait: Evidence From Reflexive and Voluntary Saccade Variability"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2433-9259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatemeh\u00a0Sadat","family":"Daeinejad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Sharif University of Technology  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Djavad Mowafaghian Research Center for Intelligent Neuro\u2010Rehabilitation Technologies Sharif University of Technology  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud\u00a0Saadat","family":"Foumani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Sharif University of Technology  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"Behzadipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Sharif University of Technology  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Djavad Mowafaghian Research Center for Intelligent Neuro\u2010Rehabilitation Technologies Sharif University of Technology  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5939-2729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laila","family":"Alibiglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences Indiana University Indianapolis  Indianapolis Indiana USA"},{"name":"Stark Neurosciences Research Institute Indiana University School of Medicine  Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.03.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-016-0738-9"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"71","article-title":"Eye Movements in Parkinson's Disease: From Neurophysiological Mechanisms to Diagnostic Tools","volume":"47","author":"Antoniades C. 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