{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T08:50:46Z","timestamp":1782118246980,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J of Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can modulate corticospinal excitability during stretch\u2010evoked long\u2010latency responses (LLRs). It has been previously established that\n                    <jats:italic>suprathreshold<\/jats:italic>\n                    TMS intensities can partially inhibit the cortical contribution to LLRs by relying on a cortical silent period occurring after TMS. However, it is unknown whether the TMS\u2010induced inhibition of stretch\u2010evoked LLRs that relies on the cortical silent period can also be achieved via\n                    <jats:italic>subthreshold<\/jats:italic>\n                    stimulation. In this study, 12 healthy participants performed a protocol combining surface electromyography (EMG), robot\u2010evoked wrist perturbations, and single pulse TMS applied to the motor cortex to study the effect of TMS intensity on the LLR amplitude in the flexor carpi radialis. We tested two TMS intensities of\n                    <jats:italic>subthreshold<\/jats:italic>\n                    (90%) and\n                    <jats:italic>suprathreshold<\/jats:italic>\n                    (130%) of the active motor threshold applied such that the motor\u2010evoked potential (MEP) peak would arrive 50\u2009ms prior to perturbation onset. In\n                    <jats:italic>suprathreshold<\/jats:italic>\n                    TMS trials, TMS significantly reduced the cortical contribution to a LLR when applied prior to perturbation onset. When comparing the effects measured in the presence and absence of robot\u2010applied muscle stretch, we observed that only\n                    <jats:italic>suprathreshold<\/jats:italic>\n                    conditions achieved inhibition of LLR, while\n                    <jats:italic>subthreshold<\/jats:italic>\n                    conditions did not result in LLR\u2010specific inhibition. Overall, our findings establish a clear distinction between the effect of\n                    <jats:italic>subthreshold<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>suprathreshold<\/jats:italic>\n                    TMS on the LLR inhibition via the cortical silent period. These findings highlight the application of TMS to induce cortical inhibition of LLRs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.70477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T10:15:36Z","timestamp":1775124936000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intensity\u2010Dependent Inhibition of Single Pulse TMS on Stretch\u2010Evoked Long\u2010Latency Responses in the Flexor Carpi Radialis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3541-0961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cody\u00a0A.","family":"Helm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Delaware  Newark Delaware USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Sergi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Delaware  Newark Delaware USA"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Delaware  Newark Delaware USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.15765"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2011.215160"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2011.11.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1991.sp018706"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1984.sp015155"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1988.sp017390"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003177"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.42.5.951"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221\u2010006\u20100374\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1991.sp018413"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050341"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.189"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2012.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21221"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050531"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2020.108950"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1993.sp019732"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3886\u201005.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1966.sp007902"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00145.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2014.00099"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2008.02.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528\u20101167.2006.00544.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/91.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221\u2010006\u20100475\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221\u2010003\u20101767\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00242912"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002219900317"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166\u20102236(91)90064\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221\u2010006\u20100365\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2008.11.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221\u2010005\u20100120\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nikonowicz R. C. andF.Sergi.2024. \u201cA Novel Experimental Protocol for Studying the Task\u2010Dependent Contribution of the Brainstem to Long\u2010Latency Responses via MRI\u2010Compatible Robotics.\u201d 2024 10th IEEE RAS\/EMBS International Conference for Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob) 1283\u20131288.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/BioRob60516.2024.10719728.","DOI":"10.1109\/BioRob60516.2024.10719728"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1992.sp019094"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168\u20105597(94)90090\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2014.10.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20107793.1998.267bf.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01052.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221\u2010012\u20103041\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221\u2010013\u20103630\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060358"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3720\u201008.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0892\u201009.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.02.166"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1988.60.3.1110"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/EP087557"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12868\u2010016\u20100321\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388\u20102457(01)00726\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1901\u201019.2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2011.225169"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050243"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221\u2010004\u20101966\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12938\u2010015\u20100110\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304\u20103940(93)90464\u2010V"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1996.sp021734"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010021\u201091605\u20105"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ejn.70477","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ejn.70477","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ejn.70477","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T08:24:52Z","timestamp":1782116692000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ejn.70477"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ejn.70477"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ejn.70477","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EJN.70477\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EJN.70477\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EJN.70477\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EJN.70477\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EJN.70477\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EJN.70477\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EJN.70477\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EJN.70477\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EJN.70477\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0953-816X","1460-9568"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0953-816X","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-9568","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70477"}}