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Special attention should be paid to meta\u2010analyses, as they usually have a large impact on research and clinical practice. The aim of this verification report was to gain insight on the methodological quality of meta\u2010analyses estimating the effect of tDCS on motor learning. To that end, we verified the methodology of three meta\u2010analyses with respect to reproducibility as the main focus, and reporting quality and publication bias control as secondary aspects. The three meta\u2010analyses we verified largely adhered to PRISMA reporting guidelines and reported the primary effect sizes and sampling variances\/confidence intervals they calculated, enabling successful reproductions of pooled effect size estimates. However, akin to previous meta\u2010research with similar aims, we found the methods and results sections of the meta\u2010analyses to be severely underreported, which compromises the ability to judge the soundness of the methodological procedure adopted as well as its reproducibility. While publication bias detection methods were applied, the approaches chosen do not allow for well informed decisions about the presence or extent of publication bias. These results reemphasise the need to transparently report methods in meta\u2010analyses and to meticulously evaluate their quality before and after publication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.70533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T09:19:54Z","timestamp":1778059194000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Verification Report of Three Meta\u2010Analyses in Transcranial Direct\u2010Current Stimulation\u2014Motor Learning Research"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1767-1367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taym","family":"Alsalti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leipzig University  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8906-7559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian","family":"Hussey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7806-9583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malte","family":"Elson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4288-4732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Krause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5178-8171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steffi","family":"Pohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2012.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0149206310377113"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.00315"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ebmental-2019-300117"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","unstructured":"Bates D. andM.Maechler.2021. \u201cMatrix: Sparse and Dense Matrix Classes and Methods [Manual].\u201dhttps:\/\/CRAN.R\u2010project.org\/package=Matrix."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2014.00159"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.16603"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470743386.ch43"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7758\/9781610448864.14"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","unstructured":"Broman K. 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