{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:22:59Z","timestamp":1786116179373,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":257,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J of Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The microbiota\u2013gut\u2013brain axis (MGBA) is a bidirectional relationship between the gut microbiota (GM) and the brain, where the GM affects the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and the central nervous system (CNS), and vice versa. Microbiotas are important for several vital body processes, including metabolism, immunity, and homeostasis. The MGBA has three main pathways: the vagal nerve mechanism, the immune\u2010related mechanism, and the neuroendocrine mechanism. GM imbalance, known as dysbiosis, affects the GIT, the brain, and the CNS. Furthermore, dysbiosis is linked to several neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's (\n                    <jats:sc>AD<\/jats:sc>\n                    ), Parkinson's (PD), depression, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Studying MGBA gives researchers new therapeutic ideas using microbiota. Using special diets rich in fiber and probiotics, in addition to fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), is being studied as a new therapy for MGBA. From the point of view that these therapeutic interventions maintain microbiota imbalance, which in turn will affect the brain and can relieve the neurological disorders caused by dysbiosis and MGBA.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.70606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T03:01:49Z","timestamp":1785121309000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Targeting the Microbiota\u2013Gut\u2013Brain Axis: Emerging Nanomedicine Approaches for Neurodegenerative Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5546-9020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reda M.","family":"Mansour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science Capital University  Helwan Egypt"},{"name":"Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department, School of Biotechnology Badr University in Cairo  Badr City Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1140-8338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khaled M.","family":"Alam\u2010ElDein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department, School of Biotechnology Badr University in Cairo  Badr City Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0702-5035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sherif S.","family":"Abdel Mageed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Badr University in Cairo  Badr City Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5410-7936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gharieb S.","family":"El\u2010Sayyad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU)  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aml","family":"Ghanem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology Badr University in Cairo  Badr City Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3025-6504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abanoub A. 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