{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:22:46Z","timestamp":1786116166040,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008180","name":"Capita Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008180","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J of Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Auditory and vestibular symptoms in vestibular migraine, cochlear migraine, and M\u00e9ni\u00e8re's disease overlap, yet mechanisms linking migraine biology to inner ear dysfunction remain unclear. Calcitonin gene\u2013related peptide (CGRP) is a key mediator of trigeminovascular activation and a major therapeutic target in migraine, but its contribution to cochlear dysfunction is not well defined. Using a repeated nitroglycerin (NTG) paradigm in male Wistar rats, we investigated whether a systemic migraine\u2010like state affects cochlear function and whether these effects are dependent on CGRP. Rats received saline, NTG, or NTG followed by the CGRP receptor antagonist olcegepant (OLC). NTG increased plasma TNF\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and elevated trigeminal c\u2010Fos; olcegepant partially normalized these markers, whereas behavioral changes in the open\u2010field test were interpreted cautiously because baseline immobility differed across groups before treatment. NTG produced frequency\u2010dependent changes in distortion\u2010product otoacoustic emissions and auditory brain stem response thresholds. Electrocochleography showed limited changes, and scala media proportions did not differ significantly among groups, indicating no evidence of overt endolymphatic hydrops at the studied time point. Inner hair\u2010cell synaptic markers showed no significant group differences for CtBP2, whereas GluR2 puncta differed between NTG and NTG\u2009+\u2009OLC (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.012). Olcegepant attenuated NTG\u2010associated cochlear functional changes and was associated with differences in postsynaptic GluR2 puncta, alongside region\u2010specific changes in cochlear CGRP immunoreactivity. These findings support a mechanistic link between migraine\u2010like trigeminovascular activation and early cochlear dysfunction and suggest that CGRP receptor blockade may benefit migraine patients with cochlear or vestibular symptoms. Future studies should assess females, estrous cycle tracking, hormones, and sex\u2010specific auditory responses.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.70635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T07:44:51Z","timestamp":1784792691000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cochlear Functional Changes and CGRP Modulation in a Chronic Nitroglycerin Migraine\u2010Like Rat Model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9253-1412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pelin","family":"Ko\u00e7dor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Ba\u015fkent University \u0130stanbul Hospital  Istanbul Turkey"},{"name":"Research Center for Translational Medicine Ko\u00e7 University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6538-1460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Narges","family":"Shomalizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Translational Medicine Ko\u00e7 University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4715-2242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatmanur Akpunar","family":"Salman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Translational Medicine Ko\u00e7 University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4321-3327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feride","family":"Demirhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Translational Medicine Ko\u00e7 University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0305-6280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beg\u00fcn","family":"Erbaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolutionary Neuroscience The George Washington University  Washington D.C. 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