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This article summarizes the presentations and discussions from a symposium at the 2025 meeting of the Spanish Society of Neuroscience (SENC). Rather than providing a comprehensive review of autoimmune encephalitis, we highlight selected advances that illustrate how antibody\u2010mediated mechanisms contribute to neurological dysfunction, using anti\u2010NMDAR encephalitis as a paradigmatic example. Specifically, we contrast experimental approaches that have shaped current understanding of disease pathogenesis, including in\u00a0vitro systems, passive\u2010transfer mouse models and active immunization paradigms that capture B\u2010cell responses, intrathecal immunity, microglial engagement and relapse biology. We also examine emerging evidence that antibody Fc features, including subclass and glycosylation, contribute to innate immune activation and clinical heterogeneity, with examples linking proinflammatory Fc signatures to poorer outcomes. Finally, we review selected studies addressing behavioural and cognitive consequences in animal models and patients, particularly long\u2010lasting deficits in working memory, and discuss therapeutic implications ranging from synapse\u2010stabilizing strategies and NMDAR positive allosteric modulators to B\u2010cell\u2010targeting treatments and approaches aimed at modulating Fc\u2010dependent pathways. Together, these findings suggest that integrating molecular immunoprofiling with systems neuroscience may improve prognostic accuracy and inform therapies that restore immune homeostasis and functional circuit recovery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.70642","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T12:38:50Z","timestamp":1785242330000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antibody\u2010Mediated Mechanisms in Autoimmune Neurological Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1723-042X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Estibaliz","family":"Maudes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Medical Centre  G\u00f6ttingen 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