{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T02:56:19Z","timestamp":1790564179413,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J of Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The sleeping brain can discriminate speech sounds, but evidence for cross\u2010night changes in neural responses to foreign speech in adults remains limited. Here, Finnish\u2010speaking adults na\u00efve to tonal languages were exposed during Stage N2 of non\u2010rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep to small and large deviations in tone (pitch contour) embedded in vowel \/a\/ across four consecutive nights, while electroencephalography was recorded. Event\u2010related potentials (ERPs) P2 and P450 revealed robust change detection responses to tone deviations during sleep, and importantly, P450 amplitude decreased from night 1 to night 4. No evidence of perceptual learning was found in waking change detection ERPs or in behavioural performance measured with the same stimuli before and after the four\u2010night sleep exposure. In conclusion, the sleeping brain remained sensitive to deviations in vowel tone, and the amplitude reduction of the late ERP deflection suggests a change in auditory processing across nights of exposure. However, in the absence of transfer effects to wakeful measures, these findings do not provide evidence for phonetic learning\u2010related plasticity, and the extent to which the effects are speech\u2010specific remains unclear. These findings provide new insight into the dynamics of auditory processing during sleep and contribute to broader neuroscientific understanding of sensory processing in altered states of consciousness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.70670","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T09:30:52Z","timestamp":1789551052000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cross\u2010Night Modulation of Change Detection ERPs to Foreign Speech Sound Features During N2 Sleep"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Qin","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4  Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jari L. O.","family":"Kurkela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4  Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Finland"},{"name":"Faculty of Social Sciences\/Psychology Tampere University  Tampere Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7188-8148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jarmo A.","family":"H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4  Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1053-667X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xueqiao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4  Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4842-7460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piia","family":"Astikainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4  Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20108986.1966.tb02650.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.311.7003.485"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3193"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2023.101852"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006\u20108993(01)02340\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388\u20102457(01)00650\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304\u20103940(97)00798\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006\u20108993(01)02300\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167\u20108760(02)00117\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","first-page":"7","volume-title":"The AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events. 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