{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T07:41:30Z","timestamp":1792482090950,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000864","name":"Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MJFF\u2010024177"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MJFF\u2010024177"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000864","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J of Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The development and evaluation of novel treatment options for freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson's disease have been limited by an ambiguous definition and lack of standardized clinical outcome assessments (COAs) that 1) reliably assess FOG severity, 2) are responsive to change, and 3) capture patient\u2010relevant impact. To address these gaps, working groups from the International Consortium on FOG (ICFOG) developed a clinician\u2010rated outcome\u2014the Giladi Protocol for assessing FOG severity (GP\u2010FOG), and a patient\u2010reported outcome\u2014the FOG Quality of Life questionnaire (FOG\u2010QOL). The FOG\u2010COA project will evaluate the conceptual framework and psychometric properties of these COAs to determine their fit\u2010for\u2010purpose in clinical trials. A total of 105 freezers and 35 non\u2010freezers from seven international centers will complete the GP\u2010FOG in the dopaminergic OFF and ON states during two separate visits (7\u201314\u2009days apart). FOG annotations from video recordings will be used to assess criterion validity. OFF and ON GP\u2010FOG scores from two trained raters at Visit 1, as well as within\u2010rater scores across visits, will examine reliability. Responsiveness will be evaluated by comparing effect sizes between OFF and ON GP\u2010FOG scores. Patient meaningfulness will be assessed through the association between patient\u2010perceived FOG severity and GP\u2010FOG scores. Participants will complete the FOG\u2010QOL at each visit to assess test\u2013retest reliability and validity against the NFOGQ and PDQ\u20108. A subset of freezers will undergo cognitive interviews to identify relevant daily life FOG impacts and evaluate FOG\u2010QOL meaningfulness. Collectively, this work will advance standardized, sensitive, and meaningful FOG\u2010COAs, supporting regulatory\u2010grade endpoints and the development of a multi\u2010dimensional outcome framework.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.70701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T07:21:28Z","timestamp":1792221688000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The FOG\u2010COA Protocol: Validation of Freezing of Gait Clinical Outcomes Assessments in Parkinson's Disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4476-9431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika E.","family":"Howe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences University of Waterloo  Waterloo Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6762-3347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pieter","family":"Ginis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clario, Part of Thermo Fisher Scientific  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Neurorehabilitation Research Group (eNRGy) KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8488-2295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaylena A.","family":"Ehgoetz Martens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences University of Waterloo  Waterloo Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moran","family":"Gilat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Neurorehabilitation Research Group (eNRGy) KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4532-3984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Mancini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Oregon Health and Science University  Portland Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8361-8943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. Lucas","family":"Mckay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics and Department of Neurology Emory University School of Medicine  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2434-1427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorik","family":"Nonnekes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Center of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement Disorders, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7858-9183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Mammen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing and Health Sciences University of Massachusetts Dartmouth  Dartmouth Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie L.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Rochester  Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9881-4541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Cella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medical Social Sciences, Psychiatry, and Neurology Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1193-6229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Nieuwboer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Neurorehabilitation Research Group (eNRGy) KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7704-5459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fay","family":"Horak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Oregon Health and Science University  Portland Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4093-7071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon J. G.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parkinson's Disease Research Clinic Macquarie University  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1608-0776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey M.","family":"Hausdorff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Study of Movement, Cognition, and Mobility, Neurological Institute Tel Aviv Sourasky University Medical Center\u2014Ichilov  Tel Aviv Israel"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Gray Faculty of Medical &amp; Health Sciences, and Sagol School of Neuroscience Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"},{"name":"Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center and Department of Orthopedic Surgery Rush University Medical Center  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.03.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD\u2010191649"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD\u2010160927"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20115"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.12850"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12915"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.13556"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","unstructured":"Ehgoetz Martens K. 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