{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T06:52:34Z","timestamp":1791874354504,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J of Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Freezing of gait (FoG) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is increasingly recognized as a multidimensional phenomenon encompassing motor, cognitive, and emotional domains. The impact of FoG is enormous, but can be difficult to articulate. Traditional clinical assessments typically fail to capture its subjective and affective impact. This qualitative study explored drawings from individuals with PD to better understand the lived experience of FoG. Specifically, we collected artworks created by individuals who experience FoG. We studied the personal perceptions and emotions associated with FoG drawings in two ways: by asking participants to narratively explain their artwork and a qualitative curation by an international panel of experts of neurology, neuroscience, neurorehabilitation, neuroaesthetics, art, and empirical aesthetics. Five overarching themes emerged: (1) \u201cCaptured feet,\u201d depicting sensations of being glued, tethered, or rooted to the ground; (2) \u201cChaos,\u201d reflecting disrupted motor control during environmental or cognitive overload; (3) \u201cEmotional explosion,\u201d expressing fear, anger, helplessness, and loss of control; (4) \u201cFreezing and falls,\u201d highlighting instability and existential threat; and (5) \u201cReleased from freeze,\u201d portraying therapeutic relief, restored movement, and joy. These visual narratives reveal that FoG is more than just a motor block. Rather, it is an embodied experience of immobilization, emotional escalation, and vulnerability, contrasted by profound relief when mobility returns. Artistic expression offers unique insights beyond structured assessments, fostering empathetic clinician\u2013patient communication, and supporting a more holistic, person\u2010centered approach to PD care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.70714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T06:18:01Z","timestamp":1791872281000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["State of the \u201cArt\u201d in Freezing of Gait: Drawing on Perspectives of Individuals With Parkinson's Disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7680-2147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"P\u00f6tter\u2010Nerger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blanca T. M.","family":"Spee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Center of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement Disorders  Nijmegen the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1175-177X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Molly","family":"Zeitzschel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neele","family":"Siems","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0538-5109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Gulberti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4476-9431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika","family":"Howe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurocognition and Mobility Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences University of Waterloo  Waterloo Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaylena A.","family":"Ehgoetz Martens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurocognition and Mobility Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences University of Waterloo  Waterloo Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moran","family":"Gilat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences Research Group for Neurorehabilitation (eNRGy), KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1193-6229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Nieuwboer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences Research Group for Neurorehabilitation (eNRGy), KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bastiaan R.","family":"Bloem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Center of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement Disorders  Nijmegen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2008.09.006","article-title":"Headache Sufferers' Drawings Reflect Distress, Disability and Illness Perceptions","volume":"66","author":"Broadbent E.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1080\/17437199.2018.1558088","article-title":"A Systematic Review of Patients' Drawing of Illness: Implications for Research Using the Common Sense Model","volume":"13","author":"Broadbent E.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Psychology Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18189516","article-title":"Parkinson's Disease and Deep Brain Stimulation Have an Impact on My Life: A Multimodal Study on the Experiences of Patients and Family Caregivers","volume":"18","author":"Chac\u00f3n G\u00e1mez Y. M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S120300","article-title":"Using Drawings to Explore Patients' Perceptions of Their Illness: A Scoping Review","volume":"9","author":"Cheung M. M. Y.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1080\/02770903.2018.1541358","article-title":"Patients' Drawings of Their Asthma: Adding Qualitative Specificity to a Quantitative Measure of Illness Perceptions","volume":"57","author":"Cheung M. M. Y.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Asthma"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27417","article-title":"Evidence for Subtypes of Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease","volume":"33","author":"Ehgoetz Martens K. A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","first-page":"191","article-title":"Freezing of Gait. Clinical Overview","volume":"87","author":"Giladi N.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Advances in Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2006.05.015","article-title":"The Role of Mental Function in the Pathogenesis of Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease","volume":"248","author":"Giladi N.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of the Neurological Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.12.1712","article-title":"Freezing of Gait in PD: Prospective Assessment in the DATATOP Cohort","volume":"56","author":"Giladi N.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.42.2.333","article-title":"Motor Blocks in Parkinson's Disease","volume":"42","author":"Giladi N.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S423","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21927","article-title":"Understanding and Treating Freezing of Gait in Parkinsonism, Proposed Working Definition, and Setting the Stage","volume":"23","author":"Giladi N.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s007020170096","article-title":"Freezing of Gait in Patients With Advanced Parkinson's Disease","volume":"108","author":"Giladi N.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Neural Transmission (Vienna)"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-025-01179-3","article-title":"An Updated Definition of Freezing of Gait","volume":"22","author":"Gilat M.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27709","article-title":"Clinical and Methodological Challenges for Assessing Freezing of Gait: Future Perspectives","volume":"34","author":"Mancini M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105068","article-title":"Cognition and Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"147","author":"Monaghan A. 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A Review and Empirical Assessment of Clinical Case Reports and Published Artworks for Systematic Evidence of Quality and Style Changes Linked to Damage or Neurodegenerative Disease","volume":"43","author":"Pelowski M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Physics of Life Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2055102915592091","article-title":"A Picture Paints a Thousand Words: Heart Drawings Reflect Acute Distress and Illness Perception and Predict Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms After Acute Myocardial Infarction","volume":"2","author":"Princip M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Psychology Open"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2007.03.007","article-title":"Patients' Drawings Illustrate Psychological and Functional Status in Heart Failure","volume":"63","author":"Reynolds L.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6836082","article-title":"Relationship Between Freezing of Gait and Anxiety in Parkinson's Disease Patients: A Systemic Literature Review","volume":"2019","author":"Witt I.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parkinson's Disease"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ejn.70714","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ejn.70714","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ejn.70714","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T06:38:51Z","timestamp":1791873531000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ejn.70714"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ejn.70714"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ejn.70714","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0953-816X","1460-9568"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0953-816X","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-9568","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70714"}}