{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T18:09:54Z","timestamp":1791223794810,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,11]],"date-time":"2013-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology Letters"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Zoonotic pathogens are significant burdens on global public health. Because they are transmitted to humans from non\u2010human animals, the transmission dynamics of zoonoses are necessarily influenced by the ecology of their animal hosts and vectors. The \u2018dilution effect\u2019 proposes that increased species diversity reduces disease risk, suggesting that conservation and public health initiatives can work synergistically to improve human health and wildlife biodiversity. However, the meta\u2010analysis that we present here indicates a weak and highly heterogeneous relationship between host biodiversity and disease. Our results suggest that disease risk is more likely a local phenomenon that relies on the specific composition of reservoir hosts and vectors, and their ecology, rather than patterns of species biodiversity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.12101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,13]],"date-time":"2013-03-13T23:08:38Z","timestamp":1363216118000},"page":"679-686","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":246,"title":["A meta\u2010analysis suggesting that the relationship between biodiversity and risk of zoonotic pathogen transmission is idiosyncratic"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Daniel J","family":"Salkeld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Woods Institute for the Environment &amp; Department of Anthropology Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA"},{"name":"California Department of Public Health Vector Borne Disease Section 850 Marina Bay Parkway Richmond CA 94804 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerry A","family":"Padgett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Department of Public Health Vector Borne Disease Section 850 Marina Bay Parkway Richmond CA 94804 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James Holland","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Woods Institute for the Environment &amp; Department of Anthropology Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1739.2003.01260.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-008-1169-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2007.1208"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2010.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-005-0251-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-010-1882-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2011.01642.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2009.04346.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006467"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","volume-title":"The Handbook of Research Synthesis and Meta\u2010Analysis","author":"Cooper H.C.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1507.081083"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.2000.10473905"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341X.2000.00455.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2005.3284"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.09-0372"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023767"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","volume-title":"Statistical Methods for Meta\u2010Analysis","author":"Hedges L.V.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2006.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06536"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2006.00885.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09575"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2006.3575"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0903.020628"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0233733100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/07-1047.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-008-1224-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","first-page":"S45","article-title":"Regulation or rodent\u2010borne viruses in the natural host: implications for human disease","volume":"19","author":"Mills J.N.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. 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