{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T13:13:49Z","timestamp":1793193229260,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,17]],"date-time":"2014-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1402963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology Letters"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A well\u2010timed phenology is essential for plant growth and reproduction, but species\u2010specific phenological strategies are still poorly understood. Here, we use a common garden approach to compare biannual leaf\u2010out data for 495 woody species growing outdoors in Munich, 90% of them not native to that climate regime. For three species, data were augmented by herbarium dates for 140\u2010year\u2010long time series. We further meta\u2010analysed 107 temperate\u2010zone woody species in which leaf\u2010out cues have been studied, half of them also monitored here. Southern climate\u2013adapted species flushed significantly later than natives, and photoperiod\u2010 and chilling\u2010 sensitive species all flushed late. The herbarium method revealed the extent of species\u2010specific climate tracking. Our results forecast that: (1) a northward expansion of southern species due to climate warming will increase the number of late flushers in the north, counteracting documented and expected flushing time advances; and (2) photoperiod\u2010 and chilling\u2010sensitive woody species cannot rapidly track climate warming.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.12308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,18]],"date-time":"2014-06-18T07:14:47Z","timestamp":1403075687000},"page":"1016-1025","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":140,"title":["Common garden comparison of the leaf\u2010out phenology of woody species from different native climates, combined with herbarium records, forecasts long\u2010term change"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Constantin M.","family":"Zohner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Systematic Botany and Mycology Department of Biology University of Munich (LMU) 80638 Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne S.","family":"Renner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Systematic Botany and Mycology Department of Biology University of Munich (LMU) 80638 Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2012.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266467400009317"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-005-0261-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-010-0386-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1923(01)00233-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1980.10477552"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2390090"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/treephys\/tpp110"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3054.1993.tb01804.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3054.1993.tb01368.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","unstructured":"IPGE(1960).Phenological observation guide of the International Phenological Gardens. 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