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Conventional methods for inferring <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FOI<\/jats:styled-content> estimate a time\u2010averaged value and are based on population\u2010level processes. Because many pathogens exhibit epidemic cycling and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FOI<\/jats:styled-content> is the result of processes acting across the scales of individuals and populations, a flexible framework that extends to epidemic dynamics and links within\u2010host processes to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FOI<\/jats:styled-content> is needed. Specifically, within\u2010host antibody kinetics in wildlife hosts can be short\u2010lived and produce patterns that are repeatable across individuals, suggesting individual\u2010level antibody concentrations could be used to infer time since infection and hence <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FOI<\/jats:styled-content>. Using simulations and case studies (influenza A in lesser snow geese and <jats:italic>Yersinia pestis<\/jats:italic> in coyotes), we argue that with careful experimental and surveillance design, the population\u2010level <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FOI<\/jats:styled-content> signal can be recovered from individual\u2010level antibody kinetics, despite substantial individual\u2010level variation. In addition to improving inference, the cross\u2010scale quantitative antibody approach we describe can reveal insights into drivers of individual\u2010based variation in disease response, and the role of poorly understood processes such as secondary infections, in population\u2010level dynamics of disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.12732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,16]],"date-time":"2017-01-16T09:03:23Z","timestamp":1484557403000},"page":"275-292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Inferring infection hazard in wildlife populations by linking data across individual and population scales"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Kim M.","family":"Pepin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Wildlife Research Center United States Department of Agriculture 4101 Laporte Ave. Fort Collins CO 80521 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon L.","family":"Kay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Wildlife Research Center United States Department of Agriculture 4101 Laporte Ave. Fort Collins CO 80521 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben D.","family":"Golas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan S.","family":"Shriner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Wildlife Research Center United States Department of Agriculture 4101 Laporte Ave. Fort Collins CO 80521 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy T.","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Wildlife Research Center United States Department of Agriculture 4101 Laporte Ave. Fort Collins CO 80521 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan S.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Veterinary Services 2155 Center Drive Building B Fort Collins CO 80523 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea L.","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Riley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling Imperial College London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul C.","family":"Cross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center 2327 University Way Bozeman MT 59715 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Samuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U. 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