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The vast majority of studies in this area have only considered the diversity of species within an environment as an overall measure of biodiversity, overlooking the role of genetic diversity within a particular host species. Although theoretical models propose that host genetic diversity in part shapes that of the infecting parasite population, and hence modulates the risk of parasite emergence, this effect has seldom been tested empirically. Using<jats:italic>Rabies virus<\/jats:italic>(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RABV<\/jats:styled-content>) as a model parasite, we provide evidence that greater host genetic diversity increases both parasite genetic diversity and the likelihood of a host being a donor in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RABV<\/jats:styled-content>cross\u2010species transmission events. We conclude that host genetic diversity may be an important determinant of parasite evolution and emergence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.12890","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,6]],"date-time":"2017-12-06T00:56:37Z","timestamp":1512521797000},"page":"253-263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The impact of host genetic diversity on virus evolution and emergence"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Cristina","family":"Rodr\u00edguez\u2010Nevado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Biotecnolog\u00eda y Gen\u00f3mica de Plantas (Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid \u2013 Instituto Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Tecnolog\u00eda Agraria y Alimentaria) Madrid 28223 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommy T\u2010Y","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases Centre of Influenza Research School of Public Health The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward C.","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity Charles Perkins Centre School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Israel","family":"Pag\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Biotecnolog\u00eda y Gen\u00f3mica de Plantas (Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid \u2013 Instituto Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Tecnolog\u00eda Agraria y Alimentaria) Madrid 28223 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"79","article-title":"Infection genetics: gene\u2010for\u2010gene versus matching\u2010alleles models and all points in between","volume":"4","author":"Agrawal A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Evol. 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