{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:44:29Z","timestamp":1772160269346,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003958","name":"Stichting voor de Technische Wetenschappen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["14638"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14638"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003958","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology Letters"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Anthropogenic disturbance of wildlife is increasing globally. Generalizing impacts of disturbance to novel situations is challenging, as the tolerance of animals to human activities varies with disturbance frequency (e.g. due to habituation). Few studies have quantified frequency\u2010dependent tolerance, let alone determined how it affects predictions of disturbance impacts when these are extrapolated over large areas. In a comparative study across a gradient of air traffic intensities, we show that birds nearly always fled (80%) if aircraft were rare, while birds rarely responded (7%) if traffic was frequent. When extrapolating site\u2010specific responses to an entire region, accounting for frequency\u2010dependent tolerance dramatically alters the predicted costs of disturbance: the disturbance map homogenizes with fewer hotspots. Quantifying frequency\u2010dependent tolerance has proven challenging, but we propose that (i) ignoring it causes extrapolations of disturbance impacts from single sites to be unreliable, and (ii) it can reconcile published idiosyncratic species\u2010 or source\u2010specific disturbance responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.14452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T13:55:35Z","timestamp":1718027735000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Frequency\u2010dependent tolerance to aircraft disturbance drastically alters predicted impact on shorebirds"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Henk\u2010Jan","family":"van der Kolk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology  Wageningen Netherlands"},{"name":"Centre for Avian Population Studies (CAPS)  Wageningen Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cor J.","family":"Smit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen Marine Research  Den Helder Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew M.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology  Wageningen Netherlands"},{"name":"Centre for Avian Population Studies (CAPS)  Wageningen Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Animal Husbandry Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences  Velp Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4659-4807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno J.","family":"Ens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Avian Population Studies (CAPS)  Wageningen Netherlands"},{"name":"Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology  Den Burg Netherlands"},{"name":"The Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research (NIOZ)  Texel Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4102-4079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martijn","family":"van de Pol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology  Wageningen Netherlands"},{"name":"Centre for Avian Population Studies (CAPS)  Wageningen Netherlands"},{"name":"College of Science and Engineering James Cook University  Townsville Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1795.2007.00126.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps07979"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jwmg.21650"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2016.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3207(02)00180-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.5093"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1352418"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124104268644"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep03524"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2018.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12184"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3802568"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064634"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1251817"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_16_1","unstructured":"Folmer E.O. 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