{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:49:14Z","timestamp":1787014154375,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000275","name":"Leverhulme Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ECF\u20102021\u20100001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECF\u20102021\u20100001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000275","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005156","name":"Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology Letters"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Anthropogenic activities have drastically changed environmental conditions worldwide, negatively impacting biodiversity and ecosystem services. At the same time, the majority of the human population lives in urban areas that are greatly altered from natural habitats. Nevertheless, many species thrive in these\u00a0urban environments. To improve our knowledge of evolution and adaptation in these anthropogenically impacted habitats, we conducted the widest series of stress experiments to date with three marine taxa: one mussel and two gammarid species. We compared intraspecific populations from protected and human\u2010altered habitats to determine their tolerance to salinity, temperature and partial pressure of CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    in water (pCO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) regimes. Populations from impacted habitats typically outperformed protected habitat populations, with individuals from the most impacted habitat being the most robust. We propose that urban populations are adapting to life in disturbed environments\u2014this adaptation concurrently promotes more resilient rescue populations but potentially confers increased invasion risk from non\u2010native species.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.70074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T03:03:57Z","timestamp":1739934237000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Urban Environments Promote Adaptation to Multiple Stressors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1896-3860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeta","family":"Briski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GEOMAR Helmholtz\u2010Zentrum f\u00fcr Ozeanforschung Kiel  Kiel Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louisa","family":"Langrehr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GEOMAR Helmholtz\u2010Zentrum f\u00fcr Ozeanforschung Kiel  Kiel Germany"},{"name":"Carl von Ossietzky Universit\u00e4t Oldenburg  Oldenburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syrmalenia G.","family":"Kotronaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GEOMAR Helmholtz\u2010Zentrum f\u00fcr Ozeanforschung Kiel  Kiel Germany"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Lehigh University  Bethlehem Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alena","family":"Sidow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GEOMAR Helmholtz\u2010Zentrum f\u00fcr Ozeanforschung Kiel  Kiel Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy Giselle","family":"Martinez Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GEOMAR Helmholtz\u2010Zentrum f\u00fcr Ozeanforschung Kiel  Kiel Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonios","family":"Geropoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science and Technology Biology Department University of Crete, Marine Ecology Lab  Crete Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregor","family":"Steffen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GEOMAR Helmholtz\u2010Zentrum f\u00fcr Ozeanforschung Kiel  Kiel Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"Theurich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GEOMAR Helmholtz\u2010Zentrum f\u00fcr Ozeanforschung Kiel  Kiel Germany"},{"name":"Christian\u2010Albrechts\u2010Universit\u00e4t Zu Kiel Christian\u2010Albrechts\u2010Platz 4  Kiel Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James W. E.","family":"Dickey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GEOMAR Helmholtz\u2010Zentrum f\u00fcr Ozeanforschung Kiel  Kiel Germany"},{"name":"Berlin\u2010Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Biology Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB)  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmin C.","family":"H\u00fctt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GEOMAR Helmholtz\u2010Zentrum f\u00fcr Ozeanforschung Kiel  Kiel Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip J.","family":"Haubrock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses University of South Bohemia in \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice  \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice Czech Republic"},{"name":"Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Gulf University for Science and Technology  Hawally Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7288-6336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ismael","family":"Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses University of South Bohemia in \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice  \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anton\u00edn","family":"Kouba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses University of South Bohemia in \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice  \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ross N.","family":"Cuthbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GEOMAR Helmholtz\u2010Zentrum f\u00fcr Ozeanforschung Kiel  Kiel Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences Queen's University Belfast  Belfast UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1606034114"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_1_10_3_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Neue Kartierung der Unterwasserhabitate im Naturschutzgebiet Schleim\u00fcndung","volume":"36","author":"Alpert S.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Seev\u00f6gel"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.13048"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a041455"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2013.3330"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fee.2295"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.2013.58.4.1361"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ddi.12154"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fee.1820"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-4642.2011.00763.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/geb.13781"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2008.06.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/14-1954.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530-010-9727-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530-017-1586-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2018.0261"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.2528"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lno.11573"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2020.0354"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-14-3221-2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.13183"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.03.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780849380525"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jhered\/esad002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep26853"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/524276"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1061967"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12983-014-0083-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1150195"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_1_10_31_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"DHARMa: Residual Diagnostics for Hierarchical (Multi\u2010Level\/Mixed) Regression Models","volume":"0","author":"Hartig F.","year":"2020","journal-title":"R Package Version"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145947"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-4571.2011.00211.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aqc.2239"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1752-1688.12916"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_36_1","unstructured":"Verein Jordsand zum Schutze der Seev\u00f6gel und der Natur e.V.2019.https:\/\/www.jordsand.de."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2664.2008.01600.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_38_1","first-page":"151","volume-title":"Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change","author":"IPCC","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam8327"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2009.0495"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-024-04477-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013375419520"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_1_10_43_1","first-page":"S83","article-title":"Phylogenetic and Functional Characteristics of Household Yard Floras and Their Changes Along an Urbanization Gradient","volume":"93","author":"Knapp S.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2021.692078"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mmnz.19890650102"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_46_1","first-page":"635","article-title":"brglm2: Bias Reduction in Generalized Linear Models","volume":"2","author":"Kosmidis I.","year":"2020","journal-title":"R Package Version"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2018.0643"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_48_1","unstructured":"Lenth R.2020.\u201cEmmeans: Estimated Marginal Means Aka Least\u2010Squares Means (R Package Version 1.4. 8)[computer Software Manual]\u201d."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2745.13268"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_50_1","unstructured":"LLUR (Landesamt f\u00fcr Natur und Umwelt des Landes Schleswig\u2010Holstein).2001.Organozinnverbindungen in Hafensedimenten und biologische Effekte. Untersuchungen in Sedimenten und an der Strandschnecke (Littorina littoreaL.) in schleswig\u2010holsteinischen K\u00fcstengew\u00e4ssern. Flintbek: Landesamt f\u00fcr Natur und Umwelt (Landesamt f\u00fcr Natur und Umwelt des Landes Schleswig\u2010Holstein: D 20).https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https:\/\/umweltanwendungen.schleswig\u2010holstein.de\/Bestellsysteme\/pdf\/jahrbe01\/Organozinnverbindungen.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwiPwb7BrfyJAxWCQvEDHbsKPDsQFnoECBwQAQ&usg=AOvVaw3rg\u2010uAZ9zdLkgsZpzQ0xbY."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_51_1","first-page":"444","volume-title":"Invasion Ecology","author":"Lockwood J. L.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2017.12.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.12826"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1641\/0006-3568(2002)052[0883:UBAC]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11252-007-0045-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/esd-13-159-2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-63679-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/ee-3-37-2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2003.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.14282"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/d16060308"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.037523"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12627"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_64_1","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Development Team","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.135624"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_66_1","first-page":"963","volume-title":"Invertebrate Zoology: A Functional Evolutionary Approach","author":"Ruppert E. E.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2018.1529"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-019-0245-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.12769"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.2007.00073.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2004.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2018.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12109"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/425205"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_75_1","volume-title":"Population Density and Urbanization","author":"United Nations Statistics Division","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12402"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2019.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2014.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evo.12925"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_80_1","unstructured":"Zettler M. L. andA.Zettler.2017.\u201cMarine and Freshwater Amphipoda From the Baltic Sea and Adjacent Territories. Harxheim Germany: ConchBooks (Die Tierwelt Deutschlands und der angrenzenden Meeresteile 83. Teil)\u201d."}],"container-title":["Ecology Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ele.70074","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T02:56:47Z","timestamp":1749783407000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ele.70074"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ele.70074"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ele.70074","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/ELE.70074\/v3\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/ELE.70074\/v3\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/ELE.70074\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/ELE.70074\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/ELE.70074\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/ELE.70074\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/ELE.70074\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/ELE.70074\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/ELE.70074\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/ELE.70074\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/ELE.70074\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1461-023X","1461-0248"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1461-023X","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-0248","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70074"}}