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However, spillback has not yet been directly demonstrated because it is difficult to disentangle from confounding factors which correlate with non\u2010native species abundance and native pathogen prevalence. Here, we capitalise on replicated, quasi\u2010experimental releases of non\u2010native pheasants (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Phasianus colchicus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) to compare vector abundance and native pathogen prevalence between sites with similar local conditions but different non\u2010native densities. Prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. (the causative agent of Lyme disease) in questing ticks was almost 2.5x higher in woods where pheasants are released compared to control woods, with a particularly strong effect on\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Borrelia garinii<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ,\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    a bird specialist genospecies. Furthermore, adult (but not nymphal) ticks tended to be more abundant at pheasant\u2010release woods. This work provides evidence that non\u2010native species can impact zoonotic pathogen prevalence via spillback in ecologically relevant contexts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.70115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]],"date-time":"2025-04-21T05:31:41Z","timestamp":1745213501000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Release of Non\u2010Native Gamebirds Is Associated With Amplified Zoonotic Disease Risk"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1923-0872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emile","family":"Michels","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Ecology and Conservation University of Exeter  Cornwall UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2460-6301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kayleigh","family":"Hansford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoonoses Ecology Group UK Health Security Agency  Salisbury UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7457-2699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Perkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences Cardiff University  Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6922-3195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robbie A.","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Ecology and Conservation University of Exeter  Cornwall UK"},{"name":"University of Exeter, Environment and Sustainability Institute University of Exeter  Cornwall UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2532-0548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jolyon M.","family":"Medlock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoonoses Ecology Group UK Health Security Agency  Salisbury UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4806-4102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Tschirren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Ecology and Conservation University of Exeter  Cornwall UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10344-019-1299-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.539925"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-007-9108-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0923\u20102508(96)81056\u20104"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_1_9_6_1","first-page":"378","article-title":"Delineation of Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Stricto, Borrelia garinii sp. nov., and Group VS461 Associated With Lyme Borreliosis","volume":"42","author":"Baranton G. 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