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Investigations into these trends have focused on increasing drought stress, CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , temperature, and fires, whereas convective storms are generally overlooked. We argue that existing literature provides clear support for the importance of storms as drivers of forest change. We reanalyze the largest plot\u2010based study of tropical forest carbon dynamics to show that lightning frequency\u2014an indicator of storm activity\u2014strongly predicts forest carbon storage and residence time, and its inclusion improves model fit and weakens evidence for the effects of high temperatures. Convective storm activity has increased 5%\u201325% per decade over the past half century. Extrapolating from historic trends, we estimate that storms likely contribute ca. 50% of the reported increases in biomass mortality across Amazonia, with all realistic combinations of assumptions indicating a possible range of 12%\u2013118%. Spatial variation in storm activity shows weak relationships with drought, demonstrating that forests can experience high drought stress, high storm activity, or both. Accordingly, we hypothesise that convective storms are among the most important drivers of tropical forest change, and as such, they require significant research investment to avoid misguiding science, policy, and management.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.70157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T12:50:47Z","timestamp":1752065447000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Storms Are an Important Driver of Change in Tropical Forests"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0537-5835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evan M.","family":"Gora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute  Balboa Republic of Panama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian R.","family":"McGregor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3526-9021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helene C.","family":"Muller\u2010Landau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute  Balboa Republic of Panama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey C.","family":"Burchfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric Science The University of Alabama in Huntsville  Huntsville Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3464-1151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K. 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P.","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew W.","family":"Chmielewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Louisville  Louisville Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriane","family":"Esquivel\u2010Muelbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"},{"name":"Birmingham Institute of Forest Research University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-019-0458-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2011.12.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"145","article-title":"Observations on Climatic Damage in Peat Swamp Forest in Sarawak","volume":"43","author":"Anderson J. 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