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Despite mounting interest in the importance of indirect interactions, empirical evidence remains limited. Here, we demonstrate the critical role of parasite\u2010mediated competition in driving community outcomes in a multi\u2010species system of conservation and management concern. We leveraged 2\u2009years of detection\/non\u2010detection data of moose (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Alces alces<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) and white\u2010tailed deer (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Odocoileus virginianus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) and parasite loads in faecal samples within a hierarchical abundance\u2010mediated interaction model to test hypotheses regarding interactions between these cervids and their shared parasites (\n                    <jats:italic>Parelaphostrongylus tenuis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Fascioloides magna<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ). We demonstrate that moose occupancy was limited by parasite\u2010mediated competition, with no evidence of population\u2010level effects of direct competitive interactions between moose and white\u2010tailed deer. Such evidence of the importance of indirect interactions and resulting community outcomes is critical for species conservation and managing range contractions due to increasing pressures from habitat loss, disease and climate change.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.70159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T03:29:38Z","timestamp":1750822178000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Parasite\u2010Mediated Competition Limits Dominant Cervid Competitor"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0767-9960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Grauer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"New York Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Natural Resources and the Environment Cornell University  Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0881-9665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua P.","family":"Twining","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences Oregon State University  Corvallis Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manigandan","family":"Lejeune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine  Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline L.","family":"Frair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Biology SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry  Syracuse New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krysten L.","family":"Schuler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Health Lab, Public and Ecosystem Health Department College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University  Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roosevelt Wild Life Station, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry  Syracuse New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela K.","family":"Fuller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, New York Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Natural Resources and the Environment Cornell University  Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-8.4.304"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.3229"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00396753"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eap.1499"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2535677100"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_7_1","first-page":"353","article-title":"Paramphistomum spp. in Dairy Cattle in Qu\u00e9bec","volume":"25","author":"Bouvry M.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Canadian Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-021-07327-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.2316"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2005.00791.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_11_1","unstructured":"deValpine P. C.Paciorek D.Turek et\u00a0al.2024.\u201cNIMBLE: MCMC Particle Filtering and Programmable Hierarchical Modeling.\u201dR Package Version 1.2.1.https:\/\/cran.r\u2010project.org\/package=nimble.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.1211190."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065368"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0587.2012.07348.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/11956860.2004.11682839"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10344-019-1297-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icr058"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gecco.2016.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03949370.2019.1680447"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-33.3.511"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/ss\/1177011136"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_21_1","unstructured":"Grauer J. A.2024.\u201cDisease Impacts on Moose (Alces alces) Health and Ecology Along Their Southern Range Limits: Parasites as a Limiting Factor in New York.\u201dDoctoral diss. Cornell University. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_22_1","unstructured":"Grauer J. A. andA. K.Fuller.2025.\u201cMoose Health and Parasitic Threats in New York: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release.\u201dhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.5066\/P13MZ4WZ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2006.00964.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/110016"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0273707"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jwmg.22213"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_1_8_27_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Diet Content and Overlap of Sympatric Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus), Moose (Alces alces), and Elk (Cervus elaphus) During a Deep Snow Winter in North\u2010Central British Columbia, Canada","volume":"2","author":"Hodder D. 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