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Community\u2010level patterns influence life\u2010history traits, ecological trajectories of partners, and are often critical for host health. These patterns are driven by mechanisms acting at the individual level, including microbial dispersal, host selection, and microbe\u2013resource interactions. Critically, we still lack a clear picture of how these mechanisms interact to shape microbiome assembly. We present a model that describes how distinct community structures arise from those underlying mechanisms. To illustrate the approach, we simulate microbiome data from marine sponges, thereby bridging mechanistic models and empirical patterns. We further apply the model to human data to explore its relevance across systems, proposing that a small set of general mechanisms may govern diverse patterns of diversity and abundance. Our findings advance ecological theory by linking individual\u2010level processes to community\u2010scale patterns, illuminating key drivers of microbiome assembly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.70433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T07:33:37Z","timestamp":1782286417000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Towards Key Principles of Host\u2010Associated Microbiome Assembly"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Gui","family":"Araujo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences Swansea University  Swansea UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torsten","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth &amp; Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales  Sydney 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