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However, how these dimensions are spatially organized within and across forest types remains unclear. We combined drone\u2010based full\u2010range imaging spectroscopy with crown\u2010level measurements of 16 physiological, morphological and biochemical traits across temperate, subtropical and tropical forests in China to enable spatially\u2010explicit trait mapping. Through site\u2010training scenario, leaf\u2010to\u2010canopy scaling and spectral\u2010domain modelling tests, we find that reliable canopy trait retrieval depends not only on trait and spectral coverage, but also on preserving trait\u2010spectral relationships across sites and scales. Spectral predictions recovered observed multivariate covariation, summarizing crown variation into a leaf\u2010economics dimension and two additional biochemical dimensions related to hydro\u2010thermal regulation and defence\/metabolism. Mapping these dimensions revealed distinct community\u2010level trait organization alongside substantial species\u2010 and crown\u2010level variation within forests. These findings link remotely sensed trait retrieval to environmental filtering and plant functional differentiation, providing a scalable framework for monitoring forest functional diversity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.70452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T10:48:04Z","timestamp":1788518884000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Remote Spectral Detection of Canopy Functional Dimensions Varying Within and Across Forest Types"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6512-6830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fengqi","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Forage Breeding\u2010by\u2010Design and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"China National Botanical 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