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In freshwater ecosystems, the relationship between body size and biomass provides a powerful tool for characterizing community structure and trophic transfer efficiency. While these relationships are well established at the whole\u2010community level, responses within plankton functional groups with distinct ecological characteristics have yet to be explored. In this study, we analysed plankton biomass\u2010size relationships across &gt;\u2009550 Canadian lakes. For phytoplankton, we found that mixotrophs exhibited positive biomass\u2010size slopes, while autotrophs exhibited negative slopes. For zooplankton, herbivores exhibited relatively flat slopes, while non\u2010herbivores exhibited negative slopes. Biomass\u2010size relationships also differed among lake trophic states, but only for phytoplankton functional groups. This work should improve predictions and assessments of freshwater ecosystem functioning and food web pathways, based on our observation of directional shifts in biomass\u2010size relationships across functional groups and trophic states.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.70458","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T05:02:31Z","timestamp":1791176551000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Functional Identity Drives Directional Shifts in Freshwater Plankton Biomass\u2013Size Relationships"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3762-6045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather L.","family":"Wander","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Quebec at Montr\u00e9al (UQAM)  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie (GRIL)  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1793-761X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yannick","family":"Huot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie (GRIL)  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de G\u00e9omatique Appliqu\u00e9 Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke  Sherbrooke Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6972-6887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatrix E.","family":"Beisner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Quebec at Montr\u00e9al (UQAM)  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie (GRIL)  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/plankt\/fbv054"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2010.01483.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/44.6.413"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.150.3692.28"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/17.3.273"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(2006)87[2411:CBRINF]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/03-9000"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1969.14.5.0693"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1977.22.2.0361"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1309989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lno.10749"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/290699a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0902080106"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/f01-143"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/f07-028"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/plankt\/fbz026"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1992.37.6.1202"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/iroh.200310661"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/plankt\/fbae077"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1940323"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-74890-5_7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00288330.1987.9516242"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1994.39.2.0395"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/02-0251"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(1999)080[0211:CFLBPS]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.133668"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2427.2000.00675.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.2005.50.4.1290"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_30_1","volume-title":"The Biomass Spectrum: A Predator\u2010Prey Theory of Aquatic Production","author":"Kerr S. 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