{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T15:51:55Z","timestamp":1792511515414,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NE\/S007504\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/S007504\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NE\/Z000130\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/Z000130\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UKRI1287"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UKRI1287"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UKRI4325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UKRI4325"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007406","name":"Fundaci\u00f3n BBVA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LEO24\u20101\u201013597\u2010CMT\u2010CMA\u2010109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LEO24\u20101\u201013597\u2010CMT\u2010CMA\u2010109"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007406","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology Letters"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Wetlands support disproportionately high biodiversity, including waterbirds, which underpin key ecological functions and regulatory services. This has led to efforts to protect these crucial sites, but whether these protections can maintain waterbird assemblages in the face of new threats such as climate change is poorly understood. Here, we calculated functional redundancy and three metrics of functional diversity from over 45,000 waterbird censuses, spanning four decades of rising winter temperatures for 2792 protected and unprotected sites in Europe. We modelled the effect of average winter temperature and the trend over time for each of these metrics. Our results suggest functional diversity generally increased in warmer winters and over time, but redundancy declined, and the effect of temperature varied spatially and between levels of protection. This suggests abundance and distribution shifts due to climate change are altering functional diversity and resilience of waterbird assemblages both inside and outside protected areas across Europe.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.70467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T15:26:33Z","timestamp":1792509993000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Functional Diversity Responses to Temperature Vary Spatially and With Protection Status in Wintering Waterbird Assemblages"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9519-5378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanith B.","family":"Hackney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences University of Bristol  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5370-4616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah S.","family":"Wauchope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of GeoSciences The University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2842-4302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pol","family":"Capdevila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ci\u00e8ncies Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia Universitat de Barcelona (UB)  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB)  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5677-5401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher F.","family":"Clements","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences University of Bristol  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2012.01972.x","article-title":"Estimating Partial Observability and Nonlinear Climate Effects on Stochastic Dynamics of Migratory Waterfowl","volume":"81","author":"Almaraz P.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Ecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-020-0872-3","article-title":"Responses of Global Waterbird Populations to Climate Change Vary With Latitude","volume":"10","author":"Amano T.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Climate Change"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-020-1185-7","article-title":"Temperature\u2010Related Biodiversity Change Across Temperate Marine and Terrestrial Systems","volume":"4","author":"Ant\u00e3o L. H.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Ecology & Evolution"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.5038\/2074-1235.36.2.785","article-title":"Reproductive Biology of Pygmy Cormorant (\n                     Phalacrocorax pygmeus\n                  ) in Siahkeshim Proected Area, Norhern Iran","volume":"36","author":"Barati A.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Marine Ornithology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-017-3967-4","article-title":"Temporal Changes in Bird Functional Diversity Across the United States","volume":"185","author":"Barnagaud J. Y.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2014.03.009","article-title":"Defining and Observing Stages of Climate\u2010Mediated Range Shifts in Marine Systems","volume":"26","author":"Bates A. 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T.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Global Change Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1921849118","article-title":"The Decline of Mammal Functional and Evolutionary Diversity Worldwide","volume":"118","author":"Brodie J. 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Long\u2010Term and Recent Trends in Global Wetland Area","volume":"65","author":"Davidson N. C.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Marine and Freshwater Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1111\/oik.05903","article-title":"A Functional Perspective for Breeding and Wintering Waterbird Communities: Temporal Trends in Species and Trait Diversity","volume":"128","author":"Arruda Almeida B.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108628426","volume-title":"Handbook of Trait\u2010Based Ecology","author":"Bello F.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2015.2444","article-title":"Morphology Predicts Species' Functional Roles and Their Degree of Specialization in Plant\u2013Frugivore Interactions","volume":"283","author":"Dehling D. 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