{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T15:34:37Z","timestamp":1789659277519,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,25]],"date-time":"2012-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Interictal headache (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IIH<\/jats:styled-content>), and in particular migraine, is considered a relevant co\u2010morbidity in epilepsy; however, available data are ambiguous. Periictal headache (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PIH<\/jats:styled-content>) displays a frequent ancillary burden to seizures, but identification of unequivocal predictors is still elusive.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>All patients (\u2265\u200518\u2005years) with epilepsy or unprovoked seizures seen in a tertiary epilepsy outpatient clinic underwent a semi\u2010structured interview regarding occurrence and characteristics of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IIH<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PIH<\/jats:styled-content>. Clinical variables in patients with and without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IIH<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PIH<\/jats:styled-content> and seizure types with and without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PIH<\/jats:styled-content> were compared.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Out of 201 patients, 56.2% reported headache, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IIH<\/jats:styled-content> occurred in 34.3% and 10.9% suffered from migraine. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PIH<\/jats:styled-content> was reported by 35.3%, occurring preictally in 16 and postictally in 61 cases. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PIH<\/jats:styled-content> character was migrainous in 26.8% and tension\u2010type headache\u2010like in 62%, mean severity was 6.1\u2005\u00b1\u20052.2\u2005cm. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PIH<\/jats:styled-content> was treated analgetically by less than 40% of patients, only 11% sought specific medical advice. Predictors were low age at epilepsy onset (OR 0.963, 95% CI 0.945\u20130.981, <jats:italic>P\u2005<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u20050.0001), antiepileptic drug (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AED<\/jats:styled-content>) polytherapy (OR 1.943, 95% CI 1.046\u20133.612, <jats:italic>P\u2005<\/jats:italic>=\u20050.036) and generalized tonic\u2010clonic seizures (<jats:italic>P\u2005<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u20050.0001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In patients with epilepsy, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IIH<\/jats:styled-content>, and particularly migraine, is less common than expected, challenging the widely held concept of co\u2010morbidity of the two conditions. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PIH<\/jats:styled-content> is frequent, severe and undertreated. Predictors include low age at epilepsy onset, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AED<\/jats:styled-content> polytherapy and tonic\u2010clonic generalized seizures. Physicians should ask for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PIH<\/jats:styled-content> and offer specific analgesic treatment. To confirm these findings, future studies with a prospective approach implementing a headache and seizure diary should be performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,26]],"date-time":"2012-12-26T02:46:56Z","timestamp":1356490016000},"page":"1360-1366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Interictal and periictal headache in patients with epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"B.","family":"Duchaczek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Charit\u00e9\u2010Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Ghaeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Charit\u00e9\u2010Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Matzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Charit\u00e9\u2010Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Holtkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Charit\u00e9\u2010Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"281","volume-title":"Migraine and Epilepsy","author":"Andermann E","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.11.2105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10194-007-0398-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2004.00628.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2005.64804.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01574.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2012.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2008.01263.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1249220"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2010.51.2.219"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Headache Classification Subcommittee of the International Headache Society. 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