{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T11:52:23Z","timestamp":1782993143571,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,28]],"date-time":"2013-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the association between the use of azathioprine and risk of cancer in patients with non\u2010thymoma myasthenia gravis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content>) in a nationwide setting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Case\u2013control study based on population\u2010based registries. Cases were patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content> with a first time diagnosis of cancer (except non\u2010melanoma skin cancer) registered during 2000\u20132009, and controls were patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content> with no history of cancer. Prior use of azathioprine in cases and controls was assessed through prescription records (1995\u20132009). We used unconditional logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ORs<\/jats:styled-content>) with 95% confidence intervals (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIs<\/jats:styled-content>) for cancer associated with a high cumulative dose [\u2265\u20051000 defined daily doses (DDD)] or long\u2010term use (\u2265\u20055\u2005years) of azathioprine, compared with never use of the drug and adjusted for potential confounders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified 89 cases and 873 controls. The prevalence of ever use of azathioprine was similar among cases (39.3%) and controls (39.4%). We observed a slightly elevated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> for cancer overall associated with long\u2010term use of azathioprine (1.22; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.62\u20132.40, <jats:italic>P\u2005<\/jats:italic>=\u20050.56). The highest <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>s were observed for use of 2000 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DDD<\/jats:styled-content> or more of azathioprine; however, these risk estimates were based on small numbers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Use of azathioprine in patients with non\u2010thymoma <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content> may be associated with a slightly increased risk of cancer overall. Larger studies are necessary to address the risk of site\u2010specific cancers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]],"date-time":"2013-03-01T11:12:18Z","timestamp":1362136338000},"page":"942-948","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Use of azathioprine for non\u2010thymoma myasthenia and risk of cancer: a nationwide case\u2013control study in <scp>D<\/scp>enmark"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"E. G.","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Faculty of Health Sciences Institute of Clinical Research Odense University Hospital University of Southern Denmark (SDU) Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Potteg\u00e5rd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology Unit Institute of Public Health SDU Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Hallas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology Unit Institute of Public Health SDU Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Friis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Cancer Society Research Centre Department of Public Health University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. 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H.","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimmunology Laboratory Department of Neurology Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital DMSC Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Gaist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Faculty of Health Sciences Institute of Clinical Research Odense University Hospital University of Southern Denmark (SDU) Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70063-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61302-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3816\/CLM.2008.n.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000186382.81130.ba"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"319","volume-title":"A Review of Human Carcinogens. 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