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The aim of this study was to assess cognitive function in adult patients with hemorrhagic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMD<\/jats:styled-content> who received no surgical revascularization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010six adult hemorrhagic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMD<\/jats:styled-content> patients with only intraventricular hemorrhage (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVH<\/jats:styled-content>) confirmed by positive computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scan, 20 patients with spontaneous <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVH<\/jats:styled-content> whose digital subtraction angiography results were negative, and 30 healthy controls were identified and matched for age, gender, education background and living area. Cognitive function was evaluated by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (Mo<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CA<\/jats:styled-content>). The non\u2010parametric test was used for comparisons among the three groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>No patient was confirmed cognitive dysfunction at the initial screening. Twenty\u2010four (92%) cases presented mild cognitive impairment (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCI<\/jats:styled-content>) after 1\u2005year. All the cases demonstrated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCI<\/jats:styled-content> after 2\u2005years. The difference between cases and healthy controls was statistically significant at the second screening (<jats:italic>P\u2005<\/jats:italic>=\u20050.000) and the third screening (<jats:italic>P\u2005<\/jats:italic>=\u20050.000), as was that between cases and patients with spontaneous <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVH<\/jats:styled-content> at the second screening (<jats:italic>P\u2005<\/jats:italic>=\u20050.000) and the third screening (<jats:italic>P\u2005<\/jats:italic>=\u20050.000). In addition, there were significant decreases in all Mo<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CA<\/jats:styled-content> subscores (<jats:italic>P\u2005<\/jats:italic>=\u20050.000) with special regards to delayed recall, visual space and executive function in cases compared with the other two groups. Moreover, significant differences were found in the subgroups of smoking (<jats:italic>P\u2005<\/jats:italic>=\u20050.021) and Suzuki angiographic classification of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMD<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>P\u2005<\/jats:italic>=\u20050.030).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cognitive impairment is a long\u2010term complication for adult hemorrhagic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMD<\/jats:styled-content> patients who underwent conservative treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,11]],"date-time":"2013-04-11T14:06:40Z","timestamp":1365689200000},"page":"1081-1087","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Assessment of cognitive function in adult patients with hemorrhagic moyamoya disease who received no surgical 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