{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T14:02:37Z","timestamp":1788357757632,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,5]],"date-time":"2013-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1372982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is no general consensus as to whether autoimmune myasthenia gravis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content>) is associated with heart diseases, despite the fact that myocarditis, a serious cardiac involvement treatable by immunotherapy, is a complication of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content>. It has been observed previously that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content> patients with clinically suspected myocarditis had anti\u2010Kv1.4 antibodies. The purpose of this study was to disclose the association between anti\u2010Kv1.4 antibodies and cardiac involvements in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content> patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anti\u2010Kv1.4 antibody was detected by an immunoprecipitation assay using <jats:sup>35<\/jats:sup>S\u2010labeled rhabdomyosarcome cellular extract as the antigen source. Cardiac findings including electrocardiography (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECG<\/jats:styled-content>) and clinical features of clinically suspected myocarditis in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content> patients with anti\u2010Kv1.4 antibodies were investigated. Ultrasound echocardiography (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UCG<\/jats:styled-content>) of <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> chick embryos was performed to determine the suppressive effects of sera with or without anti\u2010Kv1.4 antibodies on heart muscle functions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventy (10.8%) of 650 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content> patients had anti\u2010Kv1.4 antibodies and 60% of them had abnormal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECG<\/jats:styled-content> findings with high frequencies of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010wave abnormality and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">QT<\/jats:styled-content> prolongation. Clinically suspected myocarditis was found in eight <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content> patients with anti\u2010Kv1.4 antibodies but in none of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content> patients without anti\u2010Kv1.4 antibodies. Most patients showed rapid deterioration with lethal arrhythmias such as ventricular tachycardia, sick sinus syndrome, or complete atrial ventricular block and severe heart failure. It was concluded using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UCG<\/jats:styled-content> of <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> chick embryos that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content> serum with anti\u2010Kv1.4 antibodies suppressed heart muscle functions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>It has been demonstrated that anti\u2010Kv1.4 antibodies are possible markers for cardiac involvements in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content> patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,5]],"date-time":"2013-07-05T13:26:41Z","timestamp":1373030801000},"page":"223-230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Cardiac involvements in myasthenia gravis associated with anti\u2010<scp>K<\/scp>v1.4 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