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However, little is known about the common patterns of these\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GTS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \/tic disorder\u2010related comorbidities. In addition, sex\u2010specific phenomenological data of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GTS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \/tic disorder\u2010affected adults are rare. Therefore, this community\u2010based study used latent class analyses (LCA) to investigate sex\u2010related and non\u2010sex\u2010related subtypes of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GTS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \/tic disorders and their most common comorbidities.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The data were drawn from the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      syCoLaus study (\n                      <jats:italic>n\u2005<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u20053691), a population\u2010based survey conducted in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ausanne,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      witzerland.\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      were performed on the data of 80 subjects manifesting motor\/vocal tics during their childhood\/adolescence. Comorbid attention\u2010deficit hyperactivity disorder (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), obsessive\u2010compulsive disorder, depressive, phobia and panic symptoms\/syndromes comprised the selected indicators. The resultant classes were characterized by psychosocial correlates.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , four latent classes provided the best fit to the data. We identified two male\u2010related classes. The first class exhibited both\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and depression. The second class comprised males with only depression. Class three was a female\u2010related class depicting obsessive thoughts\/compulsive acts, phobias and panic attacks. This class manifested high psychosocial impairment. Class four had a balanced sex proportion and comorbid symptoms\/syndromes such as phobias and panic attacks. The complementary occurrence of comorbid obsessive thoughts\/compulsive acts and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      impulsivity was remarkable.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study applying\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      to community data of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GTS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      symptoms\/tic disorder\u2010affected persons. Our findings support the utility of differentiating\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GTS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \/tic disorder subphenotypes on the basis of comorbid syndromes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,11]],"date-time":"2013-10-11T21:55:58Z","timestamp":1381528558000},"page":"700","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Sex\u2010related and non\u2010sex\u2010related comorbidity subtypes of tic disorders: a latent class approach"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Rodgers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Zurich University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Zurich University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Kawohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Zurich University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Kn\u00f6pfli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Zurich University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"R\u00f6ssler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Zurich University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Collegium Helveticum University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Castelao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Preisig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Ajdacic\u2010Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Zurich University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.01.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders \u2013 DSM\u2010IV\u2010TR","author":"APA. 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