{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T15:51:55Z","timestamp":1783612315774,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,16]],"date-time":"2014-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1389830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Conventional scales measure the effect of botulinum toxin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BT<\/jats:styled-content>) therapy only at specific points in time. The Dystonia Discomfort Scale (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DDS<\/jats:styled-content>), a novel, easy\u2010to\u2010use, self\u2010assessment scale to record temporal profiles of the effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BT<\/jats:styled-content> therapy in cervical dystonia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>), is introduced and evaluated against the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TWSTRS<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventy\u2010six patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content> (age 54.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a010.9\u00a0years, 34% male) receiving \u22645 cycles of incobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>; Merz Pharmaceuticals, Frankfurt am Main, Germany) injections at intervals \u226510\u00a0weeks used <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DDS<\/jats:styled-content> to record the severity of their symptoms daily. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DDS<\/jats:styled-content> data were compared with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TWSTRS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010Total scores and patients' subjective estimation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content>) of the onset (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TO<\/jats:styled-content>) and waning (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TW<\/jats:styled-content>) of the treatment effect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale \u2212 Total scores correlated significantly with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DDS<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\u2264<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.028 at all visits evaluated). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TO<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DDS<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TO<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content> were 7.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08.6 and 7.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.1\u00a0days, respectively; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TW<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DDS<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TW<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content> were 41.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a019.2 and 45.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a021.5\u00a0days, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Dystonia Discomfort Scale is a novel, easy\u2010to\u2010use, self\u2010assessment scale for valid and sensitive monitoring of the temporal profile of the effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BT<\/jats:styled-content> therapy in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DDS<\/jats:styled-content> provides important additional information about onset, duration, waning, stability and reproducibility of the effects of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BT<\/jats:styled-content> therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,16]],"date-time":"2014-01-16T13:19:07Z","timestamp":1389878347000},"page":"459-462","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Dystonia Discomfort Scale (<scp>DDS<\/scp>): a novel instrument to monitor the temporal profile of botulinum toxin therapy in cervical dystonia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Dressler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement 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