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Its purpose was to support recommendations for change.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A countrywide population\u2010based random sample of 2725 biologically unrelated adults (aged 18\u201365\u00a0years) in 35 cities and nine rural areas of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>ussia were interviewed in a door\u2010to\u2010door survey. The structured questionnaire enquired into symptom burden, functional disability, lost productive time and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Q<\/jats:styled-content>o<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content> (applying the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WHOQ<\/jats:styled-content>oL\u20108 question set), as well as willingness to pay (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WTP<\/jats:styled-content>) for adequate headache treatment, if it were available.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean lost paid\u2010work days due to headache in the previous 3\u00a0months were 1.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.2, and mean lost household work days were 3.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.7. The estimated annual indirect cost of primary headache disorders was <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">USD<\/jats:styled-content> 22.8\u00a0billion, accounting for 1.75% of gross domestic product. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Q<\/jats:styled-content>o<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content> was reduced by all types of primary headaches. According to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WHOQ<\/jats:styled-content>oL\u20108, it was significantly lower in those with headache on \u226515\u00a0days\/month than in those with episodic headache (24.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.6 vs. 28.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.0; <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) and lower in those with migraine than in those with tension\u2010type headache (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TTH<\/jats:styled-content>) (27.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.9 vs. 28.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.0; <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Average <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WTP<\/jats:styled-content> for adequate headache treatment was <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RUB<\/jats:styled-content> 455\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0494 per month (median <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RUB<\/jats:styled-content> 300), a sum sufficient in most cases, and correlated with illness severity (higher for headache on \u226515\u00a0days\/month than for migraine, and for migraine than for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TTH<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Headache is common, burdensome and costly in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>ussia and, manifestly, poorly mitigated by existing healthcare. Structured healthcare services for headache need to be urgently put in place.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,13]],"date-time":"2014-02-13T11:34:49Z","timestamp":1392291289000},"page":"758-765","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Headache\u2010attributed burden and its impact on productivity and quality of life in <scp>R<\/scp>ussia: structured healthcare for headache is urgently needed"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"I.","family":"Ayzenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology St Josef Hospital Ruhr University Bochum Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z.","family":"Katsarava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Essen Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Sborowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Essen Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Chernysh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sociology Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Osipova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Tabeeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. 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