{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T15:59:54Z","timestamp":1792166394678,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,22]],"date-time":"2014-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this narrative review is to evaluate the pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of intracranial artery dissection (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IAD<\/jats:styled-content>). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IAD<\/jats:styled-content> is a rare and often unrecognized cause of stroke or subarachnoid haemorrhage (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAH<\/jats:styled-content>), especially in young adults. Two types of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IAD<\/jats:styled-content> can be identified: a subintimal or subadventitial dissection. It is suggested that a subintimal dissection results in luminal stenosis, thromboembolism and subsequently cerebral ischaemia, whilst a subadventitial <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IAD<\/jats:styled-content> could result in the formation of a pseudo\u2010aneurysm and compression on brainstem or cranial nerves. Rupture of such a dissecting aneurysm causes <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAH<\/jats:styled-content>. The exact cause of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IAD<\/jats:styled-content> remains unknown but several factors are associated with its development. Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation and specific features seen on multimodal neuroimaging. The management of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IAD<\/jats:styled-content> depends on the clinical presentation. In the case of cerebral ischaemia, anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents are used, whilst in the case of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAH<\/jats:styled-content> endovascular treatment is primarily advocated. Prognosis depends on clinical presentation. Presentation with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAH<\/jats:styled-content> has a worse prognosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,24]],"date-time":"2014-02-24T17:56:00Z","timestamp":1393264560000},"page":"820-826","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Intracranial artery dissection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"T.","family":"Sikkema","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Uyttenboogaart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Eshghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"De Keyser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital Brussels Centre for Neurosciences (C4N) Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Brouns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital Brussels Centre for Neurosciences (C4N) Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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