{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T19:26:03Z","timestamp":1772220363343,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,6]],"date-time":"2014-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1394064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Brain imaging with positron emission tomography using [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]fluorodeoxyglucose (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FDG<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PET<\/jats:styled-content>) and transcranial <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010mode sonography (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TCS<\/jats:styled-content>) improves the differential diagnosis of parkinsonism. The diagnostic merits of these approaches in identifying and differentiating atypical parkinsonian syndromes (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APS<\/jats:styled-content>) are compared.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were included from 36 patients with clinically suspected <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APS<\/jats:styled-content> who underwent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PET<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TCS<\/jats:styled-content>. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FDG<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PET<\/jats:styled-content> scans were analyzed by visual assessment (including voxel\u2010based statistical maps) of <jats:italic>a priori<\/jats:italic> defined disease\u2010specific metabolic patterns. Sonographers achieved diagnoses according to pre\u2010defined criteria for echogenicities of the substantia nigra and lenticular nucleus, and third ventricle diameter. Patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APS<\/jats:styled-content> were identified and allocated to the subgroups multiple system atrophy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSA<\/jats:styled-content>), progressive supranuclear palsy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSP<\/jats:styled-content>) or corticobasal degeneration (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBD<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After a median follow\u2010up period of 9\u00a0months, the final clinical diagnoses (reference standard) were Parkinson's disease, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a015; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSA<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:italic> n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a09; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSP<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:italic> n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a07; and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBD<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:italic> n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a05 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a021 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APS<\/jats:styled-content> in total). Six patients (4 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APS<\/jats:styled-content>) showed an insufficient bone window for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TCS<\/jats:styled-content>. In the remaining 30 patients, sensitivity\/specificity for diagnosing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APS<\/jats:styled-content> were 82%\/100% and 82%\/85% for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FDG<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PET<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TCS<\/jats:styled-content>, respectively. Diagnostic accuracies did not differ between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FDG<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PET<\/jats:styled-content> (90%) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TCS<\/jats:styled-content> (83%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.69). Likewise, overall accuracy of subgroup classification (non\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APS<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> MSA<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> PSP<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBD<\/jats:styled-content>) did not differ between modalities (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FDG<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PET<\/jats:styled-content> 87% and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TCS<\/jats:styled-content> 83%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01.00).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FDG<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PET<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TCS<\/jats:styled-content> show comparable accuracies for differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative parkinsonism. This preliminary study supports the use of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TCS<\/jats:styled-content> and warrants further prospective validation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,6]],"date-time":"2014-03-06T14:47:13Z","timestamp":1394117233000},"page":"860-866","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Transcranial sonography and [<sup>18<\/sup>F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for the differential diagnosis of parkinsonism: a head\u2010to\u2010head comparison"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Hellwig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital Freiburg Freiburg Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital Freiburg Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Reinhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital Freiburg Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Amtage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital Freiburg Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Guschlbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital Freiburg Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Buchert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"T\u00fcscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital Freiburg Freiburg Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital Mainz Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Weiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital Freiburg Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. D.","family":"Niesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital Freiburg Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. T.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine University Hospital Freiburg Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.108.059998"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31826c1b0a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70002-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2006.07.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-0143-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10459"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"322","article-title":"Automated detection of the intercommissural line for stereotactic localization of functional brain images","volume":"34","author":"Minoshima S","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25102"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1109945"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.64.11.1635"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000133006.17909.32"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.60.1.74"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70067-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-002613"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.049221"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(10)90009-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq123"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(200101)16:1<23::AID-MDS1003>3.0.CO;2-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.198.3.8628880"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1208"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fene.12394","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ene.12394","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T10:50:27Z","timestamp":1695552627000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ene.12394"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,6]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ene.12394"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ene.12394","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-5101","1468-1331"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1351-5101","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-1331","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-10-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-01-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-03-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}